Investing in Poland 2022 : simplebooklet.com

Publisher:getsix® Groupul. Zwycięska 45 53-033 WrocławTel.: +48 (71) 388 13 00 Fax: +48 (71) 388 13 10E-mail: wroclaw@getsix.pl Editorial oce:TaxaGroup:Sabina Moczko-Wdowczyk Tax Adviser, Licence number: 09738getsix®:Monika Martynkiewicz-FrankOrtwin-Uwe JentschElżbieta NaronAnna Urban-KickaAneta Majchrowicz-Bączyk Design:getsix® Polska: Marta Bazan© Copyright getsix® Poland, 2022All rights reservedItem Code: E0006 (Apr. 22)ISBN: 978-83-947292-1-9FOREWORDIncreasing challenges amid globalized competition require agile, highly ecient business structures. Scarce resources and escalating cost pressures require a resilient and ﬂexible organization.The goal of getsix® is to support companies and entrepreneurs in Poland in addressing these challenges. getsix® oers a wide range of complementary professional services in the following areas: Accounting & Payroll Business Consulting Tax & Legal Consulting Financial Data Analysis & Cloud Accounting EU VAT Compliance BPO ServicesThe customer base of getsix® includes Polish clients, as well as a variety of international companies with Polish subsidiaries and/or branches, especially from the German and English speaking areas. For this group of companies we have devoted the getsix® Customer Desk, an entire team ﬂuent in those two languages.We employ more than 150 dedicated sta members who are highly experienced in their respective areas of competence.Since 2014, we as getsix® have been a member of HLB and can access the expertise of our HLB colleagues worldwide.This has helped us a lot in our development and we are able to support our clients not only in Poland but also in many other countries with their tax questions and also quickly, safely and reliably access the support of international experts.HLB embodies tradition and innovation, partnership and commitment, and with 38,732 professionals in 157 countries is one of the leading networks of independent advisors and accounting ﬁrms in the world.Please do not hesitate to contact us.getsix® is at your service.© We are a member of HLB the global audit, tax and advisory network.Investing in Poland 2022

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3Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDDIRECTORYSTARTING BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN POLAND 4 Basic investment data for investors 4Tax system in Poland 4Administration & Compliance 5Foreigners’ starting a business in Poland 6Regulations on business activities 8Foreign branch and representative oce 14TAXES IN POLAND 15Corporate Income Tax (CIT) 15Other taxes and fees on corporations 43Regulations preventing tax evasion 44Personal Income Tax (PIT) 47 Value Added Tax (VAT) 59Taxes on civil agreements (PCC) 74Tax audit and legal recourse in Poland 75Tax ordinance 76Interest as of 01.01.2022 77Tax limits in 2022 78Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) 79 LEASING 82Leasing possibilities 82THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN POLAND 84Social security contributions 84Pension insurance 85Disability insurance 86Social security for industrial accidents and occupational diseases 87Social security for sickness and maternity 88Employees Pension Saving Plans (PPK) 90Health insurance contribution from business activity 91getsix® PARTNERS 92

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4 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Basic investment data for investorsInvesting in Poland 2022STARTING BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN POLANDBASIC INVESTMENT DATA FOR INVESTORSTAX SYSTEM IN POLANDCurrency - Polish Złoty (PLN)Accounting principles / ﬁnancial statements - Polish GAAP or, in some cases, IFRS. Financial statements must be prepared annually. Special rules apply for stock listed companies.Foreign exchange control - None (generally) for transactions with EU, EEA, OECD and certain other countries. Permission may be required for certain transactions with other jurisdictions and to conduct certain transactions in aforeign currency.Principal business entities - These are the limited company (Sp. z o.o.), joint stock company (SA), limited joint-stock partnership, limited partnership, sole proprietorship and the branch of aforeigncorporation.Direct taxes: Corporate income tax (CIT)Personal income tax (PIT)Social securityInheritance and Gift tax Civil law transactions tax (PCC)Stamp dutyMarket chargesVisitor’s tax Tax levy on certain ﬁnancial institutions (so-called bank tax)Hydrocarbon taxTV subscription feeIndirect taxes: Value Added Tax (VAT)Excise dutyLottery taxLocal taxes: Real estate property taxTransport vehicle taxAgricultural & Forest taxDog ownership feeTourist taxADMINISTRATION & COMPLIANCETax year The personal income tax year matches the calendar year. In case of taxpayers being subject to corporate income tax, the tax year is the calendar year, unless the taxpayer decides otherwise and notiﬁes the head of the tax oce.Taxation procedureTaxpayers must self-assess and pay advance income tax during the year and may use asimpliﬁed method based on previous years’ results. The ﬁnal calculation and reconciliation of the tax due should be made within three months following the end of the tax year. In contrast to other European countries where a general assessment is used by the tax authorities, Poland uses the principle of reverse charge by taxpayers. The taxpayer must calculate the tax himself, prepare atax return and pay the due amount ontime.Penalties Persons responsible for the tax reconciliation, as well as members of the management board in certain cases, are subject to penalties for non-compliance. In certain cases, corporate entities may be subject to penalties.Criminal Tax Law • Penalty for tax evasion - ﬁne and/or imprisonment, • Penalty for non-submission (failure to send) or untimely submission (sending) of the Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF-T) - Fine, • As a general rule, administrative procedures apply.Limitation period: In principle tax debts become time-barred after 5years. Once the limitation period expires, the tax liability along with accrued default interest ceases to exist.Registration and licensing Polish law protects intellectual property, and the licensing of foreign brand names and products is accepted practice. Licensing is prevalent in high-tech industries, pharmaceuticals and retail franchises. Licensed products produced in Poland may be exempt from import taris and excise duty and may also beneﬁt from being classiﬁed as aPolish product.The granting of licences is not subject to ocial restrictions or approval. Alicenser may not sublicense.

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5Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Administration & compliance TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDADMINISTRATION & COMPLIANCETax year The personal income tax year matches the calendar year. In case of taxpayers being subject to corporate income tax, the tax year is the calendar year, unless the taxpayer decides otherwise and notiﬁes the head of the tax oce.Taxation procedureTaxpayers must self-assess and pay advance income tax during the year and may use asimpliﬁed method based on previous years’ results. The ﬁnal calculation and reconciliation of the tax due should be made within three months following the end of the tax year. In contrast to other European countries where a general assessment is used by the tax authorities, Poland uses the principle of reverse charge by taxpayers. The taxpayer must calculate the tax himself, prepare atax return and pay the due amount ontime.Penalties Persons responsible for the tax reconciliation, as well as members of the management board in certain cases, are subject to penalties for non-compliance. In certain cases, corporate entities may be subject to penalties.Criminal Tax Law • Penalty for tax evasion - ﬁne and/or imprisonment, • Penalty for non-submission (failure to send) or untimely submission (sending) of the Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF-T) - Fine, • As a general rule, administrative procedures apply.Limitation period: In principle tax debts become time-barred after 5years. Once the limitation period expires, the tax liability along with accrued default interest ceases to exist.Registration and licensing Polish law protects intellectual property, and the licensing of foreign brand names and products is accepted practice. Licensing is prevalent in high-tech industries, pharmaceuticals and retail franchises. Licensed products produced in Poland may be exempt from import taris and excise duty and may also beneﬁt from being classiﬁed as aPolish product.The granting of licences is not subject to ocial restrictions or approval. Alicenser may not sublicense.

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6 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Foreigners’ starting a business in PolandFOREIGNERS’ STARTING A BUSINESS IN POLANDLegal basis According to the Act on Principles of Participation of Foreign Entrepreneurs and Other Foreign Persons in any business activity on the territory of the Republic of Poland, a foreign person is: • anatural person holding no Polish citizenship, • alegal person with the headquarter abroad, • an organisational entity which has no legal personality and is furnished with legal capacity, possessing its headquarter abroad.A. Foreigners who may establish and carry out business activities under the same conditions as Polish citizens coming from: • member states of the European Union, • member states of the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) - parties to the agreement on the European Economic Area, • states that are not parties to the agreement on the European Economic Area but who enjoy freedom established under agreements concluded by those states with the European Community and its member states - may establish and conduct economic activity based on the same terms as the Polish citizens.B. The above rule also applies to foreigners who are not citizens of the states indicated in point Aand who: • have received apermit to settle in Poland, • have received a permit to stay in Poland under the status of along-term residency of the European Community, • have received aresidence permit in Poland for aspeciﬁed period of time due to circumstances referred to in the Foreigners Act of 13th of June, 2003, • have arefugee status in Poland or enjoy supplementary protection, • have received apermit for tolerated residence, • have received aresidence permit in Poland for aspeciﬁed period of time and have been married to a Polish citizen residing in Poland, • enjoy temporary protection in Poland, • have avalid Pole’s Card, • are family members of citizens of states indicated in point Aabove and join or stay with them in Poland.

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7Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Foreigners’ starting a business in Poland TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDFOREIGNERS’ STARTING A BUSINESS IN POLANDLegal basis According to the Act on Principles of Participation of Foreign Entrepreneurs and Other Foreign Persons in any business activity on the territory of the Republic of Poland, a foreign person is: • anatural person holding no Polish citizenship, • alegal person with the headquarter abroad, • an organisational entity which has no legal personality and is furnished with legal capacity, possessing its headquarter abroad.A. Foreigners who may establish and carry out business activities under the same conditions as Polish citizens coming from: • member states of the European Union, • member states of the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA) - parties to the agreement on the European Economic Area, • states that are not parties to the agreement on the European Economic Area but who enjoy freedom established under agreements concluded by those states with the European Community and its member states - may establish and conduct economic activity based on the same terms as the Polish citizens.B. The above rule also applies to foreigners who are not citizens of the states indicated in point Aand who: • have received apermit to settle in Poland, • have received a permit to stay in Poland under the status of along-term residency of the European Community, • have received aresidence permit in Poland for aspeciﬁed period of time due to circumstances referred to in the Foreigners Act of 13th of June, 2003, • have arefugee status in Poland or enjoy supplementary protection, • have received apermit for tolerated residence, • have received aresidence permit in Poland for aspeciﬁed period of time and have been married to a Polish citizen residing in Poland, • enjoy temporary protection in Poland, • have avalid Pole’s Card, • are family members of citizens of states indicated in point Aabove and join or stay with them in Poland.C. Forms of business allowed for foreigners other than those indicated above under A and B:Unless international agreements state otherwise, foreigners other than those mentioned above in points Aand B have the right to establish and conduct business activity (including joining below-mentioned partnerships/companies and acquiring their shares) only in the form of: • a limited partnership, • a limited joint-stock partnership, • a limited liability company, and, • a joint-stock company.Moreover, foreign entrepreneurs, i.e. a foreign person conducting economic activity abroad and a Polish citizen conducting economic activity abroad, may conduct business activity in the form of abranch oce or they may establish arepresentative oce in Poland.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.CUSTOMER RELATIONORTWIN-UWE JENTSCHHead of Customer Relationships Department / PartnerTax Advisory OceLocation: Warsaw

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8 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activitiesREGULATIONS ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIESLimited liability company (Sp. z o.o.)A limited liability company is the most popular and ﬂexible form of conducting business activity in Poland. It is the Polish equivalent of the private limited liability company in the UK, of asociété àresponsabilité limitée (sarl) in France, or of a Gesellschaft mit beschänkter Haftung (GmbH) in Germany. Limited liability companies may be established for any purpose allowed by law. They are often used as special purpose vehicles, holding companies and as national companies controlled by international corporations. The personal structure of the limited liability company may be, in general, changed without aecting the legal structure of the limited liability company, which is normally not the case with apartnership. Alimited liability company may also be run by asingle founder/shareholder. However, asingle-shareholder limited liability company cannot incorporate another single-shareholder limited liability company. Although a limited liability company is acapital company, it still preserves some personal elements, such as the possibility to limit the disposal of the company’s shares or establish the shareholder’s right of individual control of the limited liability company. The shares of alimited liability company are always dematerialized and cannot be listed on any stock exchange.Joint-stock company (S.A.)A joint-stock company is the Polish equivalent of the public liability company in the UK, société anonyme (SA) in France and the German Aktiengesellschaft (AG). Joint-stock companies are rather expensive to run and are primarily used for large-scale business activities, in particular, if access to a large number of investors is to be considered as acrucial way of obtaining capital.Formally it is more structured than the limited liability company.The shares of joint-stock companies may be publicly traded (listed on the Stock Exchange). The Polish law provides stricter and more complex rules with respect to public joint-stock companies regarding their capitalisation, composition of the governing bodies, compliance and reporting duties.

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9Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activities TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDSimple joint-stock company (P.S.A.)The frame of a simple joint-stock company covers the simpliﬁcation of some procedures and mechanisms, up to now reserved for classic joint-stock companies. To begin with it was decided to lower the minimum share capital to the amount of 1.00 PLN. Moreover, the aim of the new regulation is to enable entrepreneurs to freely shape their property structure. A simple joint-stock company will therefore also issue shares without face value, and the founder-shareholders will be able to contribute their capital injection through know-how, work and services, without the need to prepare any valuations of their capital-in-kind contributions.Detailed requirements for a limited liability company (Sp. z o.o.)and a joint-stock company (S.A.)CapitalSp. z o.o.: The minimum capital required to establish a limited-liability company is PLN 5,000.00. A limited-liability company may have asingle shareholder. S.A.: The minimum capital for ajoint-stock company is PLN 100,000.00 of which 25% must be paid up before registration. Ajoint-stock company can be established by one or more founding members, who must sign an articles of association agreement.Taxation of capital companies (CIT)Capital companies are separate taxpayers to CIT. In principal, the companies are subject to taxation on their global income. With regards amanagement board, taxation on their global income applies only if they have a ﬁxed domicile in Poland. Taxable income consists of all revenues earned in atax year (ﬁnancial and operational), net of deductible costs. As a rule, this income is subject to CIT at the rate of 19% or 9%, depending on the amount of revenue generated by the company.Reserve for supplementary capitalSp. z o.o.: None. S.A.: 8% of annual net proﬁts, until the capital reserve reaches one-third of share capital.Founders / shareholders Sp. z o.o.: There are no restrictions on nationality or residence of shareholders. S.A.: The company must be founded by at least one natural or legal person. Once the company has been established, one shareholder may buy out others. There are no residence or nationality requirements.Supervisory boardSp. z o.o.: If share capital exceeds PLN 500,000.00 and there are more than 25 shareholders, the company must have asupervisory board with at least three persons. S.A.: a supervisory board with at least three members, each appointed for aterm of up to 5 years, is required. Both: No residence or nationality requirements, but the chairman of the board for banks registered in Poland must have aconﬁrmed by a hearing in front of the banking supervisory authority working knowledge of Polish language.REGULATIONS ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIESLimited liability company (Sp. z o.o.)A limited liability company is the most popular and ﬂexible form of conducting business activity in Poland. It is the Polish equivalent of the private limited liability company in the UK, of asociété àresponsabilité limitée (sarl) in France, or of a Gesellschaft mit beschänkter Haftung (GmbH) in Germany. Limited liability companies may be established for any purpose allowed by law. They are often used as special purpose vehicles, holding companies and as national companies controlled by international corporations. The personal structure of the limited liability company may be, in general, changed without aecting the legal structure of the limited liability company, which is normally not the case with apartnership. Alimited liability company may also be run by asingle founder/shareholder. However, asingle-shareholder limited liability company cannot incorporate another single-shareholder limited liability company. Although a limited liability company is acapital company, it still preserves some personal elements, such as the possibility to limit the disposal of the company’s shares or establish the shareholder’s right of individual control of the limited liability company. The shares of alimited liability company are always dematerialized and cannot be listed on any stock exchange.Joint-stock company (S.A.)A joint-stock company is the Polish equivalent of the public liability company in the UK, société anonyme (SA) in France and the German Aktiengesellschaft (AG). Joint-stock companies are rather expensive to run and are primarily used for large-scale business activities, in particular, if access to a large number of investors is to be considered as acrucial way of obtaining capital.Formally it is more structured than the limited liability company.The shares of joint-stock companies may be publicly traded (listed on the Stock Exchange). The Polish law provides stricter and more complex rules with respect to public joint-stock companies regarding their capitalisation, composition of the governing bodies, compliance and reporting duties.

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10 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activitiesLabourEmployees have no inﬂuence over the management of private-sector ﬁrms unless they are shareholders. Employees are entitled to form trade unions.ManagementNo residency requirements. The board of directors does not have to consist of shareholders, both in the case of a joint stock company and a limited liability company. Limited Liability Company (LLC): The upper term of oce for members of the board of directors is not speciﬁed. Joint Stock Company: The board of directors may be appointed initially for a term of up to 2 years, with an extension of each subsequent term of up to 3 years each.DisclosureBoth types of companies are required to prepare annual balance sheets and proﬁt and loss accounts, which must be ﬁled with the local court in the electronic ﬁle format JPK.Sole proprietorship A sole proprietor is an individual who conducts business activity in his/her own name and on his/her own behalf. There are no legal requirements regarding the amount of the initial capital to undertake business activity as a sole proprietor in Poland. Also, no new legal entity is established as aresult of such undertaking.The business of the sole proprietor may be transformed into acapital company, i.e. a limited-liability company or ajoint-stock company.Civil law partnership Two or more sole proprietors as well as other legal entities, i.e. partnerships and capital companies, may decide to establish a civil law partnership by concluding a contract regulated by the Polish Civil Code. Acivil law partnership is not a separate legal entity and does not possess legal personality.It also cannot acquire rights or incur obligations in its own name and on its own behalf, it can not sue or be sued. Contributions and assets established during the business operations of the civil law partnership are owned by partners as joint co-ownership.Civil law partnerships may be transformed into registered partnerships based on a unanimous decision of the partners.Professional partnership Professional partnerships may be established by speciﬁc professionals as deﬁned and listed in the Polish Commercial Companies’ Code (lawyers, architects, tax advisers, accountants, doctors, dentists, and others) or in other legal Acts regulating the exercise of certain professions. The professional partnership may be formed for the purpose of pursuing more than one profession, unless the law prohibits this speciﬁcally. As in the case of registered partnerships, professional partnerships do not have legal personality, but have legal capacity and capacity to perform legal actions (they may acquire rights, including ownership of areal estate, and incur obligations in their own name, as well as sue and be sued).

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11Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activities TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDLimited partnership A limited partnership is a commercial partnership that has legal capacity and the capacity to undertake legal actions. This type of business is a good solution for partners, where one is involved in the aairs of the partnership and the other only wishes to provide a ﬁnancial contribution.A limited partnership is formed by at least two partners, one of whom is a limited partner with limited liability for the company‘s obligations, and the other is a general partner who is liable for the limited partnership‘s obligations without limitation, i.e. he answers thus with all his/her assets.Discussed in detail in “Taxation of limited partnerships” on page 34.Limited joint-stock partnership A limited joint-stock partnership is the most complex type of partnership, as its structure combines the elements of both the registered partnership and the joint-stock company. Like other partnerships, the limited joint-stock partnership has no legal personality, but it has legal capacity, which means that it may acquire rights, and incur obligations in its own name. The limited joint-stock partnership may also sue and be sued. Limited joint-stock partnerships are established by at least one general partner and one shareholder. Participation of shareholders is aconsequence of acapital-focused character of the limited joint-stock company.

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12 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activitiesPOLISH TERMENTRY INTO COMPANY REGISTRY / LEGAL PERSONALITYMINIMUM CAPITALSINGLE-MEMBER COMPANYLimited Liability Company (Ltd.)Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (Sp.zo.o.) Yes / YesPLN 5,000.00Minimum face valuePLN 50.00YesJoint-stock Company (JSC)Spółka Akcyjna (S.A.) Yes / YesPLN 100,000.00 Minimum face value PLN 0.01YesCo-operative (Co-op.)Spółdzielnia Yes / Yes NoNo at least 10 members (5 in an agricultural co-operative). Does not apply if at least 3 members are legal persons. General PartnershipSpółka jawna (Sp.j.) Yes / No No NoLimited PartnershipSpółka komandytowa (Sp. k.)Yes / No No NoLimited joint-stock-partnershipSpółka komandytowo- -akcyjna (Sp. k-a)Yes / No 50,000.00 PLN NoPartnership under the Civil CodeSpółka cywilna (S.C.) No / No No No Branch Oddział Yes / No NoPermanent tax estab-lishmentZakład No / No No

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13Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations on business activities TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDSTART-UP DUTYWRITING / NOTARIALTRANSPA-RENCYREGISTRATION WITH THE TAX AUTHORITIESSTATUTORY AUDIT: TURNOVER ≥ 5,000,000.00 EUR; BALANCE SHEET TOTAL≥ 2,500,000.00 EUR; EMPLOYEES ≥50Limited Liability Company (Ltd.)0.5% tax on the articles of association / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / Yes No YesProvided that at least 2 of those requirements are metJoint-stock Company (JSC)0.5% tax on the articles of association / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / Yes No Yes CompulsoryCo-operative (Co-op.) No / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / No No Yes MandatoryGeneral Partnership0.5% tax on the articles of association / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / No Yes* YesProvided that at least 2 of those requirements are metLimited Partnership0.5% tax on the articles of association (Yes for the Limited Partnership having aLimited Liability Company as general partner) / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / No No YesProvided that at least 2 of those requirements are metLimited joint-stockpart-nership0.5% tax on the articles of association / Entry in the Commercial RegisterYes / Yes No YesProvided that at least 2 of those requirements are metPartnership under the Civil Code0.5% tax on the articles of association / Entry into the CEIDG free of chargeYes / No Yes YesProvided that at least 2 of those requirements are metBranchAs arule no / Entry in the Commercial Register- - YesIn the context of any audit of the parent companyPermanent tax establish-ment- - - YesIn the context of any audit of the parent company

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14 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Foreign branch and representative oceFOREIGN BRANCH AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICEBranch of a foreign companyAccording to the Polish law, foreign entrepreneurs may set up branch oces to carry out business activity on the Polish territory. An entrepreneur from a foreign country is allowed to establish a branch on condition that aPolish entrepreneur enjoys equivalent rights in the country of origin of the foreign entrepreneur (reciprocity rule), unless the international agreements ratiﬁed by Poland state otherwise. The above does not concern entrepreneurs from EU and EEA countries as well as from countries that are parties to association agreements with the EU in the area of the freedom of establishment. Such entrepreneur’s may freely set up branch oces on the Polish territory. Abranch does not possess legal personality, it constitutes an integral part of the foreign enterprise and cannot acquire rights or incur obligations in its own name, cannot sue or be sued. However, branches have signiﬁcant independence with respect to employment matters. The scope of business activity of the branch may not go beyond the foreign entrepreneur’s scope of activity. Some special regulations (both in Poland and European Union) regarding opening a branch may be applicable to speciﬁc industries, e.g. when opening a branch of aforeign bank, insurance company or investment company. In such cases, the opening of abranch should be seen in light of those speciﬁc regulations (which may dier from the general rules).Representative oce Foreign entrepreneurs may set up their representative oces in Poland. The representative oce does not constitute aseparate legal entity and is treated as part of aforeign enterprise’s organisational and functional structure.It cannot acquire rights or incur obligations, sue or be sued. The representative oce may be established by the foreign entrepreneur only to advertise and promote the business of the entrepreneur in Poland.The performance of certain activities by the employees of a representative oce may entail the risk of creating a permanent establishment for tax purposes.

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15Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDInvesting in Poland 2022TAXES IN POLANDCORPORATE INCOME TAX (CIT)Legal basis Act of 15 February, 1992, on corporation tax with all subsequent amendmentsBasic information Sources of revenues: • from capital gains, • from business activity and from special sections of agricultural production. The consequence of this amendment is the separate calculation of the amount of income from these two sources and the lack of possibility to compensate losses from investments with income from other business activity. The exceptions apply only to banks (their revenues will be allocated to one source).Subject of taxationThe subject of CIT taxation is income constituting the sum of income from both sources: capital gains and other economic activity. This means that if both of these sources generate a proﬁt, it will be subject to a joint taxation at the rate of 19% (9%).As a rule, also revenues from capital gains will be created on an accrual basis (due revenues). The exception in this respect relates to revenues of a typically cash nature, i.e. from 2021 including division of proﬁts in a limited partnership.Residents are taxed on worldwide income; non-residents are taxed on Polish-source income only. Foreign-source income derived by residents is generally subject to corporation tax in the same way as Polish-source income, usually with aforeign tax credit available, unless atax treaty provides otherwise. Branches are generally taxed the same way as subsidiaries.FOREIGN BRANCH AND REPRESENTATIVE OFFICEBranch of a foreign companyAccording to the Polish law, foreign entrepreneurs may set up branch oces to carry out business activity on the Polish territory. An entrepreneur from a foreign country is allowed to establish a branch on condition that aPolish entrepreneur enjoys equivalent rights in the country of origin of the foreign entrepreneur (reciprocity rule), unless the international agreements ratiﬁed by Poland state otherwise. The above does not concern entrepreneurs from EU and EEA countries as well as from countries that are parties to association agreements with the EU in the area of the freedom of establishment. Such entrepreneur’s may freely set up branch oces on the Polish territory. Abranch does not possess legal personality, it constitutes an integral part of the foreign enterprise and cannot acquire rights or incur obligations in its own name, cannot sue or be sued. However, branches have signiﬁcant independence with respect to employment matters. The scope of business activity of the branch may not go beyond the foreign entrepreneur’s scope of activity. Some special regulations (both in Poland and European Union) regarding opening a branch may be applicable to speciﬁc industries, e.g. when opening a branch of aforeign bank, insurance company or investment company. In such cases, the opening of abranch should be seen in light of those speciﬁc regulations (which may dier from the general rules).Representative oce Foreign entrepreneurs may set up their representative oces in Poland. The representative oce does not constitute aseparate legal entity and is treated as part of aforeign enterprise’s organisational and functional structure.It cannot acquire rights or incur obligations, sue or be sued. The representative oce may be established by the foreign entrepreneur only to advertise and promote the business of the entrepreneur in Poland.The performance of certain activities by the employees of a representative oce may entail the risk of creating a permanent establishment for tax purposes.

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16 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Tax rate (CIT) There have been two corporate tax rates:• 19% - corporate income tax rate for unlimited and limited taxable corporations, however, no minimum corporate income tax,• 9% - corporate income tax rates for: » so-called ‘small taxpayers’. These are all taxpayers whose income in the previous tax year does not exceed 2,000,000.00PLN, including value added tax, » people starting a business (in the tax year of commencement of the business) - there are limitations in using the 9% rate for some corporations which were transformed during a restructuring process.Minimum Income Tax Starting from 2022, the legislator has introduced on the grounds of CIT regulations a new minimum income tax in the amount of 10% of the tax base dedicated to companies which are CIT taxpayers as well as tax capital groups provided that: • they incur losses from a source of revenue other than capital gains (that is, essentially from operating activities), or • show a share of income from operating activities in the income from these activities which is no more than 1% of the tax base.For the purpose of proper calculation of the loss and the participation of the income in the proceeds are not taken into consideration in the given tax year in the tax deductible costs those which refer to amortization and expenses related to the purchase or the refurbishment of long term ﬁxed assets.The legislator has provided for exemptions from minimum taxation. The regulation will not apply to: • entities commencing their activity: in the year of its commencement and in two consecutive tax years immediately following that year, the so-called „start-ups“ (with the exception of entities established as a result of restructuring), • ﬁnancial enterprises, • entities that obtained revenues lower by at least 30% in comparison with the revenues obtained in the tax year immediately preceding that tax year.Payment terms for corporate income taxMonthly advance payments amounting to the dierence between the tax due from the beginning of the year and the total sum of already paid advance payments are transferred into an individual tax account of the taxpayer. Where applicable, advance payments may be paid in a simpliﬁed form.The obligation to pay advance payments does not apply to taxpayers who are still entitled to use a tax loss carried forward from the past. Advance payments do not have to be paid by those PIT and CIT taxpayers, whose advance payment for a given month does not exceed 1,000.00PLN. These are cases in which the tax due on income earned from the beginning of the year less the amount of advance payments paid since the beginning of the year does not exceed 1,000.00 PLN. If the tax due on income earned from the beginning of the year, less the amount of advance payments paid since the beginning of the year, exceeds 1,000.00 PLN, then the current advance payment must bepaid.

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17Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDThis method is applicable both to taxpayers paying advance payments monthly and quarterly. In addition, in the case of PIT taxpayers, such a rule applies to taxpayers who generate revenues from leases which are subject to taxation according to the general rules.The CIT and PIT taxpayers who use a simpliﬁed method of advance payments are not exempt from the obligation to make advance payments.Tax loss settlementTax loss can be settled within 5 years. In each year no more than 50% of the loss may be deducted (and the remainder in subsequent years), alternatively it is allowed to make a one-off reduction on income in one of the next consecutive tax years by the amount not exceeding 5,000,000.00 PLN. The amount not deducted is subject to the settlement in the remaining years of the ﬁve-year period, provided that the amount of the reduction in any of these years can never exceed 50% of the tax loss amount.Limited Tax Liability Unlimited tax liability for revenue generated in Poland applies to the businesses whose board of management or registered address are based on the territory of Poland. Whereas businesses which do not have their registered address or board of management located in Poland are subject only to the limited tax liability in this respect.Save for income from business activity entertained on the Polish territory and from real estate situated in Poland, as such income are also considered to be income from receivables squared by subjects with headquarter or permanent place of living in Poland, irrespective of the place of conclusion of the contract and service delivery. As income achieved in Poland are also considered those proceeds from securities and derivatives licensed for trade in Poland on a stock exchange, as well as those origination from a transfer, directly or indirectly, of shares in a company as well as participation units issued and managed by an investment fund.Also dividends, interest and other receivables subject to withholding tax and paid by a Polish entity are deemed to be earned in Poland.The catalogue does not exclude recognising other categories of income as obtained on the territory of Poland. It should also be noted that double taxation treaties concluded by Poland may in practice, entail in particular cases that a speciﬁc revenue will not be subject to taxation in Poland.Real Estate Company These are entities that meet certain criteria for the value of assets constituting real estate or rights to such real estate, or for holding shares (units) in companies that are real estate companies, including funds that invest in real estate.The sale of shares by a non-resident in a real estate company, representing 5% or more of those participation rights, obliges the real estate company to collect tax as payer on the proceeds of that disposal.

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18 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Aliated companies According to the OECD convention (OECD-MA), an aliated entity exists whenever: • a company is involved directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of the other company (subsidiary), or • the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of both companies (sister company).Estimating the value of the service provision transactionsWhen the value expressed in the price determined in the contract signiﬁcantly deviates from the market value of such an object, right or service, the tax organ summons the parties to the contract to change the value or to list the arguments of application of a price signiﬁcantly deviating from the market value. In case of nonresponse, non-application of a change of a value or non-listing of the arguments justifying a price deviating signiﬁcantly from the market value, the tax organ will determine the value calling in the opinion of an auditor/appraiser. Provided that the value determined in such a manner diers by at least 33% from the value expressed in the price in the contract, the cost of the opinion of the auditor/appraiser will be borne by the seller or the service provider, dependent on the decision of the tax organ. Deductible operating expenses Tax deductible expenses are expenditures that have been incurred to achieve revenues from a source of revenues or to maintain or secure a source of revenues, with the exception of costs listed in Article 16(1) of the CIT Act. See the part: “Non-tax-deductible expenses” on page 22.Taxation of non-monetary contributionsThe revenue from a non-cash contribution is not the nominal value of the shares acquired in exchange for a contribution in kind, but the value of the subject of the contribution, as speciﬁed in the statute, articles of association or any other document.If the value of the contribution diers from its market value, the proceeds are determined by the market value of the contribution.This amendment removes the controversies regarding the taxation of assets contributed in kind. At the same time, however, it can make intra-group restructuring more dicult.

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19Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDTRANSFER PRICES 2022The taxpayer is required to prepare local transfer pricing documentation for a controlled transaction of a homogeneous nature whose value, less value added tax, exceeds the following documentation thresholds in the ﬁnancial year: • PLN 10,000,000.00 - in the case of a commodity transaction, • PLN 10,000,000.00 - in the case of a ﬁnancial transaction, • PLN 2,000,000.00 - in the case of a service transaction, • PLN 100,000.00 - in case of a controlled transaction with an entity having its registered oce, management or residence in the so-called tax haven - irrespective of the type of transaction, • PLN 500,000.00 - as of 2021 preparing local documentation will also be obligatory in case of performing a controlled transaction or a transaction other than controlled, if the actual owner of receivables from such transactions has its registered oce, management or residence in the so-called tax haven. It shall be presumed that the owner has the residence, registered oce or management in the so-called tax haven, on the basis of the fact that one of the parties to the transaction makes settlements with such an entity, • PLN 2,000,000.00 - in the case of a transaction other than the ones speciﬁed in the point above.Documentation thresholds will be established separately for: • any controlled transaction of a homogeneous nature irrespective of the allocation of the controlled transaction to commodity, ﬁnancial, service or other transactions, • cost and revenue side. Transfer pricing is veriﬁed using the most appropriate method in the circumstances, selected from the following methods: • a comparable uncontrolled price, • a resale price, • cost plus, • net transaction margin, • division of proﬁts.In determining the amount of income (loss), the tax authority shall apply the method adopted by the aliate, unless the application of a method other than that adopted by the aliate is more appropriate under the identiﬁed circumstances.The taxpayer is obliged to submit a TP-R declaration by the end of the 9-th month after the end of the tax year.In the catalogue of exemptions from the obligation to prepare local documentation, the most important is the exemption from the obligation to prepare local documentation for transactions concluded exclusively by aliates having their residence, registered oce or management in the Republic of Poland in the tax year in which each of these aliates meets certain conditions, in particular none of them suered a tax loss.If the consolidated income of the capital group in the previous tax year exceeded the limit of 200,000,000.00 PLN, the capital group is obliged to submit the Master File documentation.

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20 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)From 2022, pursuant to the legal act amending the CIT legislation, the obligation to prepare local transfer pricing documentation will not cover (among others): • transactions between foreign permanent establishments (from the EU or the EEA) located in the territory of Poland and transactions between such permanent establishment and a Polish related party provided that no loss is incurred and no exemptions are used, • transactions involving only the settlement between aliated parties of expenditure incurred on behalf of an unrelated party, where the following cumulative conditions are met: » no value added is created and the settlement is made without taking into account a proﬁt margin or mark-up, » the settlement is not directly related to another controlled transaction » the settlement occurred immediately after the payment to the unrelated party, » the related party is not an entity that has its residence, registered oce or central administration in a territory or country subject to the harmful tax competition, • transactions involving low value-added services where the conditions set out in the legal act are met (safe harbour for low value-added services), • transactions involving a loan, credit or bond issue - where the conditions set out in the legal act are met (safe harbour for ﬁnancial transactions).ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.TAX & LEGALANETA MAJCHROWICZ-BĄCZYKHead of getsix Tax & LegalPartner / Attorney at lawSpecialisation: Tax lawTax Advisory OceLocation: Poznan

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21Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDInterests of credit/externally ﬁnanced stakeholdingsGenerally deductible.Thin capitalisation rulesInsucient capitalisation - debt ﬁnancingThe Corporate Income Tax Act introduced a limitation on the possibility of recognising interest on bank and non-bank loans in costs.Taxpayers are required to exclude the costs of debt ﬁnancing from the tax deductible expenses in the part in which the excess of debt ﬁnancing costs exceeds 30% of the amount corresponding to the surplus of revenues from all revenue sources less interest income over the sum of tax deductible expenses less the amounts of depreciation and amortisation expenses counted as tax deductible expenses, as well as costs of debt ﬁnancing not recognised in the initial value of a ﬁxed asset or an intangible asset.Depreciation Depreciation methods: straight-line, declining, balance method only allowed for special machinery, equipment and means of transport. An immediate write-o is possible for low-value assets with an acquisition value up to PLN 10,000.00 (net).Depreciation rates: • Non-residential buildings: 2.5% • Other buildings and structures: 4.5% • Machinery and equipment: 7% - 25% • Cars and lorries: 20% • Computers: 30%If technically veriﬁable or in case of used assets, other rates are permitted.From 2022, depreciation of residential buildings has been excluded (in 2022, depreciation is only allowed for buildings acquired by the 31st of December 2021 and can only last until the 1st of January 2023). Due to the changes, a taxpayer cannot include residential buildings in the register of tangible and intangible assets.Taxpayers may use authorisation premium. Using such a solution, the taxpayer may make a one-o depreciation and amortisation write-o up to 100,000.00PLN and include it in costs in the year in which he commissioned the brand new ﬁxed asset for use.Provisions Accruals for events are not recognised for tax purposes in general (a few very restrictive exceptions nevertheless exist).

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22 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Non-tax-deductible expensesExamples of non-deductible costs (detailed list in Article 16, Paragraph 1 of the Tax Act) • Expenses for the purchase of land plots in ownership or the purchase of beneﬁcial interests (usufruct rights) for a speciﬁed in advance limited period in time except the fees and commissions related to the purchase of beneﬁcial interests, • Write-os for the wear and tear of a passenger car in the portion determined on the basis of the value of the car exceeding the amount of: » PLN 225,000.00 - in the case of a passenger car being an electric vehicle within the meaning of Article 2(12) of the Act of 11 January 2018 on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels, » PLN 150,000.00 - in the case of other passenger cars, • Interest, bank charges and exchange rate dierences of loans, which increase the investment costs in the acquisition stage, • Charged but unpaid interests or interests waived, payable for debts including loans, • Most of the accruals set up on the balance sheet, • Expenses for the acquisition or purchase of shares, • Entertainment expenses, • Consulting services, market research, advertising, data processing, management and control, insurance costs, guarantees and sureties, and services for transferring the debtor‘s insolvency risk due to non-bank loans and co-operative savings and credit unions, including derivative ﬁnancial instrument contracts and similar beneﬁts - if they meet the conditions indicated in the „Special Regulations for Intangible Services“ section. • the unlawful employment of an employee and the failure to disclose, in whole or in part, remuneration of such an employee to the competent tax authoritiesSpecial regulations for intangible servicesTaxpayers are obliged to exclude the following expenses from the tax deductible costs: • services purchased from related parties or from tax countries directly or indirectly, • argumentum e contrario does not apply to costs of services, licences and fees paid to unaliated entities, • the limitation concerns the amount over PLN 3,000,000.00 a year, » if the taxpayer‘s tax year is longer or shorter than 12 months, the threshold amount of PLN 3,000,000.00 is calculated by multiplying the amount of PLN 250,000.00 by the number of the months in the tax year, which have commenced, » the amount of costs not deducted in the tax year can be settled in the next 5 tax years, on principles and within limits applicable in a given year.

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23Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDCommercial real estate properties taxThe so-called ‚minimum income tax‘ was introduced in relation to taxpayers who own commercial and service properties as well as buildings classiﬁed as oce (Article 24b, Article 24c of the Corporate Income Tax Act) - commonly referred to as ‚commercial property tax‘.This tax is a tax on revenues from ownership of a ﬁxed asset being a commercial and service building, whose initial value exceeds 10,000,000.00 PLN. Properties must be properly classiﬁed in accordance with the Classiﬁcation of Fixed Assets.The solution applies to the following commercial properties: • commercial and service buildings classiﬁed as: shopping centres, department stores, independent shops and boutiques, other commercial and service buildings, • oce buildings included in the Classiﬁcation as oce buildings.What is the tax rate? • 0.035% monthly,

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24 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)WITHHOLDING TAX (WHT) 2022Interest, royalties and othersInterest and royalties paid to a non-resident and fees for certain intangible assets and legal services (e.g. consulting, accounting, legal and technical services, advertising, data processing, market research, recruitment, management, inspection services and guarantees, etc.) are subject to 20% withholding tax, unless the rate is not reduced under the agreement on the avoidance of double taxation, or the EU Directive on a common system of taxation applicable to interest and royalty payments made between associated companies of dierent Member States.If the payments for the same taxpayer exceed the amount of 2,000,000.00PLN, the payer will be obliged to collect the full amount of tax (19% or 20%) at the rate resulting from the Polish regulations, notwithstanding whether it is possible to apply a reduced rate.The tax charged in this way will be refunded on the request of: • taxpayer, or, • witholding agent - where the taxable person has paid the tax from his own resources and has borne the economic burden of that tax.The application shall be made in electronic form and the provisions shall specify the information to be included in it and the list of attachments to be attached to it.Requirements for exemption from withholding tax on interest and royaltiesThe condition for exemption from the withholding tax, in the case of interest and royalties arising between aliated companies, is that the recipient of the claims is the actual beneﬁcial owner of these claims.For the exemption to be applied, the Polish taxpayer must obtain a certiﬁcate which, in addition to the previous elements, contains a statement that the company or the foreign enterprise, which is the recipient of the creditor claims, is the actual economic owner.Flight ticketsThe obligation to collect withholding tax on the purchase of ﬂight tickets (in the amount of 10%) was abolished, if the purchase of such ﬂight ticket concerns a regular scheduled passenger ﬂight.

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25Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDFrom 2022, the following revisions will take place with regard to the withholding tax:Narrowing down the material and subjective scope of the WHT levy procedure:the application of the WHT pay and refund mechanism is narrowed down with respect to related parties as deﬁned in the transfer pricing rules and to the payments of a passive nature. The new regulation also provides for the exclusion of dividends paid to Polish residents from the above mentioned mechanism.This indicates that taxpayers will still, as a rule, be obliged to pay WHT once the PLN 2 million threshold is exceeded, and only after withholding tax is deducted will they be able to claim a refund, but this will only apply to the payments to related entities that are not Polish tax residents.When verifying the conditions of the application of an exemption or a tax rate resulting from special regulations or double taxation conventions, the payer is obliged to exercise due diligence.Amendment of the due diligence criterion:As of 2022, the criterion of due diligence has been changed: when assessing due diligence, now not only the nature and scale of the payer‘s activity is taken into account, but also its relationship with the taxpayer. This change is intended to clarify the requirements related to the veriﬁcation of due diligence and will enable dierentiation of due diligence requirements in relation to the related and the unrelated entities.Extension of the material scope of the opinion on the use of preferences:The material scope of the existing opinion on the use of exemption is extended also to preferences provided for the double tax treaties (i.e. reduced withholding tax rates or exemption from the withholding tax). The previously issued opinions on the use of the exemption from the withholding tax will be valid until 2025.Use of copies of certiﬁcates of residence:Whereas it is currently possible to use copies of certiﬁcates of residence in the context of an epidemic, without limitation to so-called intangible services and without limitation of the amount, it is planned to make this a general rule.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.TAX & LEGALTOMASZ NOWAKSenior Tax Consultantgetsix Tax & LegalTax Advisory OceLocation: Poznan

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26 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)DividendsThe taxation of dividends runs up to 19% respectively, or the particular double taxation treaty rate or the application and adherence of the EU-Parent-Subsidiary Directive for the taxation of parent and aliated companies.Domestic corporations: • Exemption from withholding tax for payments done by aPoland resident corporation towards another Poland resident corporation. Condition: the entitled party to the dividends must dispose of minimum 10% of the shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation for an uninterrupted period of 2 years. The beneﬁciary of the dividends shall not make use of atax exemption with respect to his whole income independent from the source of its realisation (declaration of the beneﬁciary of the dividends required). Hidden dividendsThe legislator has introduced regulations on hidden dividends, which will become eective from the 1st of January 2023.Under the new regulations, tax deductible costs of generating revenue do not include costs related to the provision of services of which the beneﬁciary (directly or indirectly) is a partner or an entity aliated (directly or indirectly) to the taxpayer or to that shareholder if: • the amount of these costs or the date of their origination in any way are dependent on the proﬁt made by the taxpayer or the amount of that proﬁt or • a rationally operating taxpayer would not incur such costs or could incur lower costs in case of a comparable provision delivered by an unrelated entity or • these costs include remuneration for the right to utilise the assets that were owned or jointly owned by a partner (shareholder) or an entity aliated to the partner (shareholder) prior to the formation of the taxpayer.Dividends paid by a Polish companyInternational: Dividends paid by a company established in Poland.Dividends received by a Polish resident company (with certain exceptions in the case of limited joint-stock partnerships) from another Polish company or an EU/EEA or aSwiss company are exempt from taxation if certain holding and participation requirements are met. If the exemption does not apply, dividends received are subject to taxation. On the other hand, any deduction of withholding tax from the amount of due tax in Poland should be preceded by the veriﬁcation of the existence and records of the relevant double taxation conventions.European Union (EU), European Economic Area (EEA): Exemptions from withholding tax for dividends, paid by acorporation resident in Poland towards acorporation resident in a country of the EU or the EEA.

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27Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDCondition: The entitled to the dividends must dispose of minimum 10% of the shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation for an uninterrupted period of 2 years. The beneﬁciary of the dividends shall not make use of atax exemption with respect to his whole income independent from the source of its realisation (declaration of the beneﬁciary of the dividends required). Switzerland: Exemption from withholding tax for dividends, paid by a corporation resident in Poland towards acorporation resident in Switzerland.Condition: The entitled to the dividends must dispose of minimum 25% of the shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation for an uninterrupted period of 2 years. The beneﬁciary of the dividends shall not make use of atax exemption with respect to his whole income independent from the source of its realisation (declaration of the beneﬁciary of the dividends required).Dividends aPolish corporation receives from: European Union (EU), European Economic Area (EEA)Tax exemptions for dividends which a corporation resident in Poland receives from a corporation being resident in one of the European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) countries.Condition: The Polish corporation must dispose of minimum 10% of the shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation for an uninterrupted period of 2 years.The beneﬁciary of the dividends shall not make use of atax exemption with respect to his whole income independent from the source of its realisation (declaration of the beneﬁciary of the dividends required). SwitzerlandTax exemptions for dividends which a corporation resident in Poland receives from acorporation being resident in Switzerland. Condition: The Polish corporation must dispose of minimum 25% of the shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation for an uninterrupted period of 2 years.The beneﬁciary of the dividends shall not make use of atax exemption with respect to his whole income independent from the source of its realisation (declaration of the beneﬁciary of the dividends required). Other countries with Double Taxation TreatiesSet-o of already paid withholding tax and pro-rata corporate income tax for Polish corporations, which dispose for an uninterrupted period of 2 years, at least 75% of shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation with its registered headquarters in another country with which Poland concluded adouble taxation treaty.

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28 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Other countries (without double taxation treaties) Set-o of already paid withholding tax for Polish corporations, which dispose of shares of the liable to pay dividends corporation with its registered headquarters in another country with which Poland did not conclude adouble taxation treaty.Directive on taxation of subsidiaries and parent companies Exemption from withholding tax on distributed proﬁts occurs when: • The period of holding shares is a continuous period of minimum 2 years, • The minimum share in its‘ equity amounts to 10%.Payment of interest and royalties receivables to non-residentsTax exemption applies to: • interest and royalty payments made between associated companies (parent-subsidiary relationship, or sister-sister-company) only,Thereby, the beneﬁciary of the payment must maintain a capital shareholding of minimum 25%.Choice of the settlement method of accounting of exchange dierencesCorporation and Income taxpayers (CIT and PIT) that are obliged to produce ﬁnancial reports have the right to choose the accounting method to calculate the exchange dierences mentioned in Article 9b, Paragraph 1, Point 2 (CIT) or Article 14b, Paragraph 2 (PIT). The competent tax oce should be notiﬁed of the accounting method chosen in a tax return ﬁled by the end of the third month of the following year by means of electronic communication in accordance with the provisions of the Tax Ordinance Act.In addition, during the period of applying a speciﬁc accounting method to calculate exchange rate dierences, the annual ﬁnancial statements of taxpayers are subject to auditing. In this case the reported and audited exchange rate dierences are tax deductible. The introduction of statutory audits aims at the conﬁrmation of the accuracy of the calculated exchange rate dierences.The period of applying this accounting method cannot be less than 3 years. If you select the balance method of calculating exchange rate dierences, taxpayers on the ﬁrst day of the ﬁscal year from which this method was chosen, include income or deductible expenses accrued, exchange rate dierences, determined on the basis of the accounting regulations on the last day of the previous ﬁscal year in their ﬁnancial accounts. From the ﬁrst day of the tax year for which you have chosen this method, apply the principles of the Accounting Act for calculating the dierences.Capital gains Capital gains are taxed as ordinary income at the standard corporation tax rate 19%.

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29Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDCIT TAX ALLOWANCES 2022Foreign tax credit Foreign tax paid may be credited against Polish tax on the same proﬁts, but the credit is limited to the amount of Polish tax payable on the foreign income.Research and development reliefTax on qualiﬁed income earned by the taxpayer from qualiﬁed intellectual property rights will amount to 5% of the taxation basis; It is possible to simultaneously deduct under the R&D and IP Box relief.The following rights are deemed eligible intellectual property rights: • patent, • utility model protection right, • registered design right, • topographical and integrated circuit registration right, • additional protection right for a patent for a medicinal product or plants protection product, • the right of registration of a medicinal product and a veterinary medicinal product, • the exclusive right referred to in the Act on the Legal Protection of Plant Varieties, • copyright to a computer program.IP Box relief IP Box is a preferential taxation of income from sales of products or services based on intellectual property rights. The solution should increase attractiveness of conducting research and development activity in Poland. It is supposed to encourage entrepreneurs to more courageously search for business potential in intellectual property rights. The IP Box preference is an arrangement that a taxpayer can take advantage of after the end of the tax year in his annual return.

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30 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Taxpayers who, as part of their business activities, produce and then commercialize computer programs, may tax (after meeting statutory conditions) the income obtained from the transfer of exclusive rights or the granting of licenses at a preferential 5% income tax rate. Subject of the IP BOX tax relief is the income from the commercialisation of a qualiﬁed intellectual property right (granting of a licence or sale of copyrights to a computer program). Remuneration for other technical activities not directly related to the creation of qualiﬁed IP does not constitute qualiﬁed income taxed at 5% rate (e.g. implementation of the program at the client‘s site, preparation of technical documentation, technical assistance, training etc.).A taxpayer who wants to take advantage of the IP BOX income preference must keep detailed accounting records allowing for the link between a speciﬁc qualiﬁed intellectual property right and the income generated as a result of research and development works. It is worth pointing out that there is no set pattern for keeping such records. What is important is the ability to link revenues and costs with the assistance of a special software program.Innovation relief: » Relief for robotisationIndustrial robotisation relief applies to companies seeking to boost production by commissioning industrial robots. Rules for deduction similar to those for R&D tax relief: deduction from the tax base. The relief applies to costs incurred in the years 2022-2026.The following are regarded as deductible costs incurred for robotisation: • costs of purchasing new industrial robots; machines and peripheral devices for industrial robots which are functionally related to them; machinery, equipment and other items functionally related to industrial robots which serve to ensure ergonomics and safety at work in relation to these workstations, where man-robot interaction is performed, and • costs of acquiring intangible assets necessary for the proper launch and commissioning of industrial robots and other ﬁxed assets mentioned above, and • acquisition costs for training services related to industrial robots and other tangible or intangible assets referred to above, and • fees agreed in the ﬁnance lease agreement for industrial robots and other ﬁxed assets.

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31Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND » Relief for prototypesThe relief for prototypes applies to the trial production and launch of a new product. It supports costs incurred by the taxpayer at the stage of testing of an invention before mass production and market introduction. A company that decides to prepare a prototype may claim expenditures incurred for its creation as tax deductible costs.Similarly to the R&D relief costs will be deducted from the tax base and the deduction may not exceed 30% of the costs incurred and no more than 10% of the revenue received. These costs include: • the purchase price or the production cost of the current ﬁxed assets required to launch a trial production of the new product • improvement expenditures incurred to customize ﬁxed assets and launch trial production of a new product • costs of raw materials and other supplies acquired solely for the purpose of the trial production of a new product.Launching a new product on the market:Activities undertaken to acquire essential documentation to facilitate the receipt of certiﬁcates and permits related to the product that was created as a result of R&D work carried out by the taxpayer, and these certiﬁcates and permits enable the product to be sold.Costs include:tests, expert opinions, preparation of documentation necessary to obtain a certiﬁcation, homologation, CE marking, safety marking, obtaining or maintaining a permit for trading or other mandatory documents, labelling required for launching the product on the market and product usage (costs and fees charged in order to: obtain, renew and extend them), product life cycle, environmental technology veriﬁcation (ETV) system. » Relief for innovative employeesEntrepreneurs beneﬁt from the relief for supporting innovative employees when they employ personnel (whose working time devoted to R&D activities amounts to at least 50% of their total working time) to carry out research and development. Applies to employment contracts, contracts for speciﬁc work and contracts of mandate.A taxpayer who is a remitter and conducts R&D activity is entitled to deduct from the advances on income tax (collected from the revenue of natural persons employed by him) the eligible costs which were not deducted from his income in the Annual tax return as part of his R&D relief deductible.Relief for contributors to sports activities, cultural activities, higher education and scienceAllows the possibility of deducting 50% of the tax-deductible costs from the tax base of revenues incurred for speciﬁc purposes. » For sporting activitiesApplies to costs incurred by sports clubs which pursue the objectives speciﬁed in the Article 28 of the Sports Act, i.e: • purchase of sports equipment,

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32 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) • covering costs of organising sports competitions or participation in these competitions, • covering costs of using sports facilities for training purposes, • funding of sports scholarships, • organising a sports event that is not a mass sports event, as referred to in the Act on Safety of Mass Events. » For cultural activitiesIt relates to the costs incurred for cultural activities within the meaning of the Act on organizing and conducting cultural activities. Cultural activities referred to here are: creation, propagation and protection of the culture. » For higher education and scienceApplies to costs incurred on: • student scholarships for academic performance, • research scholarships for doctoral students, • fees related to the education of a hired employee during: the studies, postgraduate and other forms of education, • students‘ salaries during apprenticeships on the workplace.Consolidation relief for the acquisition of shares in a Polish or foreign capital company:The consolidation relief may be applied when the subject of activity of the purchased capital company is the same as the subject of activity of the taxpayer purchasing its shares (stocks) or the activity of the company may be reasonably considered to be an activity supporting the taxpayer‘s activity (the activity of such a company is not a ﬁnancial activity).The consolidation relief applies to a taxpayer who is an entrepreneur and earns revenue other than that from the capital gains. It allows to deduct from the tax base certain expenses related to the acquisition of shares in a company having legal personality.The maximum amount of such a deduction may not exceed PLN250,000.00 in a given tax year.Eligible expenditure includes: • legal services related to the acquisition of shares, including their valuation (due diligence), • interest, taxes directly charged on the transaction, and • notarial, court and stamp fees.Eligible expenditures do not include the price paid by the taxpayer for the acquired shares (stocks) or the costs of debt ﬁnancing related to such acquisition.A taxpayer may beneﬁt from this deduction if the company whose shares are acquired by the taxpayer is a legal person with its registered oce or management board within the territory of Poland or in another state with which the Republic of Poland has a binding agreement on avoiding double taxation.IncentivesExpenses incurred for acquiring technological knowledge may reduce the taxable base in certain cases. A one-time depreciation write-o up to 50,000.00 EUR also may be available for small and start-up taxpayers.

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33Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDMerger and division of companiesThe transactions of merger and division split of companies must have economic justiﬁcation. If they do not have such justiﬁcation, and the tax authorities conclude that the main objective was the receipt of a tax advantage, the acquiring company will have to pay a penalty tax on the income (no possibility to deduct tax deductible costs).In addition, the tax authorities may impose a tax on shareholders. In total, the authorities may require payment of tax as many as three times: twice from the company (if another company is taken over and its subsequent sale) and from shareholders.Amortisation of enterprise value (goodwill) • Possible for an asset deal, but only covering the purchase of the whole company respectively a separable part of the business operations. • Not possible in case of a share deal.Taxation of taxable groups of companiesAll the following conditions must be met: • The parent company must have at least 75% of shares in the equity of any other companies in the group, • These other companies within the group must have a minimum equity of 250,000.00PLN each, • Part of a capital group should be a limited liability company, joint stock companies or simple joint stock companies.Companies operating within tax capital groups cannot count donations to tax deductible expenses.Taxation of holding companiesA holding company that may beneﬁt from preferences is a limited liability company or a joint stock company being a Polish tax resident. Direct or indirect shareholders (stockholders) of a holding company cannot be entities that have their oce, management board, place of registration or their location situated in the countries practicing harmful tax competition.To beneﬁt from the preferences indicated below, the holding company must have held at least 10% of the shares in the subsidiary (domestic/foreign) for a period of at least 1 year.Preferences available to holding companies include: • a tax exemption for dividends received by the holding company from its subsidiary with respect to proﬁts in shares of legal persons, in a part equivalent to the 95% of the total amount of this dividend. • the remaining part of the dividend, not covered by the exemption (i.e. 5% of the dividend amount), is in Poland subject to CIT under the general rules for dividend taxation at a tax rate of 19%. To avoid any doubts, it should be emphasised that this part of the dividend will not be covered by exemptions under other provisions.

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34 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)Taxation of limited partnershipsSubject to taxation is the current activity of the company and proﬁts distributed to the partners of such companies, similarly as in the case of limited companies and joint stock companies based on a 19% ﬂat-rate tax.Rules for taxation of partners of a limited partnership on income from shares in the proﬁt of this partnership:The taxation of the proﬁts of the limited partnership‘s partners will take place according to principles analogous to those applied to distributions in limited liability or joint-stock companies, however dierent rules of deduction have been adopted depending on the status of the partner:1. Limited partner. An exemption is provided for 50% of the income from share in the proﬁt of the limited partnership, but not more than 60,000.00 PLN.This exemption applies to each company in which this entity is a limited partner.The exemption does not apply if the limited partner: • holds, directly or indirectly, at least 5% of the shares in a company having legal personality or a capital company which is the general partner of that limited partnership, • is a member of the management board of the company which is the general partner, • is an entity related to a member of the management board or a partner in the company being the general partner2. Partner with unlimited liability The partner with unlimited liability of a private limited partnership is entitled to o-set from income in the proﬁt of this company the tax from running business activity in such a proportion he commands the right to the participation in this proﬁt. The amount of this o-set can nevertheless never exceed the amount of the tax calculated from the proﬁt using the linear lump sum tax rate of 19%, imputable on the proﬁt of the partner with unlimited liability. Tax collection dates and deadlines • Annual tax declaration: ﬁling until the 31st March of the following year, having a deviating tax year until the last day of the third month following the closing date of the tax year, • Prepayments for CIT must be settled by 20th of the following month.The consequences of settlement of liabilities by type of transferring (Corporate Income Tax CIT, VAT & Private Income Tax PIT)The settlement of liabilities through non-cash contributions generates taxable income by the debtor. The taxable income is deﬁned as the amount of debts, which shall be settled through non-cash contributions. If the market value of the non-cash contribution exceeds the nominal amount of the debt, this may be applied with the restriction that in these cases the market value of the non-cash contribution is taxable. Such settlement also applies to the distribution of the assets of the liquidated company, settled with the partners in a non-monetaryform.

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36 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)TAXATION OF FOREIGN CONTROLLED ENTITY INCOME (CFC)In the CIT and PIT acts there are regulations providing for taxation of foreign income of Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFCs).A controlled foreign corporation is, as a general rule, a company that meets jointly the following criteria regarding: • the scope of control, i.e. the taxpayer holds continuously for a period of at least 30 days at least 50% of shares in the capital or 50% of voting rights in control bodies or in state bodies or 50% of the share in proﬁts of a foreign company, • the nature of the revenue generated, i.e. at least 33% of the revenue the foreign company generates is a so-called “passive income”, i.e. revenue of a ﬁnancial nature: dividends, shares, receivables and copyrights, • the income tax actually paid by the company is lower than the tax it would have paid in the State of it‘s residence or the permanent establishment of its‘ management board namely in Poland (For the calculation of the dierence the permanent establishment of the foreign controlled entity is not taken into account, provided that the foreign controlled entity does not stay subject to taxation or is exempt from taxation in the country of its‘ residence).In some cases, a CFC is exempt from taxation (this is due to statutory requirements, among other things, it can depend on the country of residence of the foreign company, the nature of its‘ business and the amount of income received).The taxable amount of a CFC shall be the income according to CIT-/PIT-Law, but only for income attributable to the Polish taxpayers and the corresponding period of ownership in the company proﬁts.The Polish taxpayer will have the opportunity to deduct the dividend received from the CFC and the amount realised from the sale of shares in the CFC from the income mentioned above.The taxpayers will be required to: • perform the registration of the CFC, • guarantee independent management of the accounting, event recording, which will have inﬂuence on the income of the CFC, as well as, • process notiﬁcation of the proﬁt of the CFC.The registration and the recording will not be necessary, if the CFC’s entire income is subject to taxation in a country within the EU or the EEA and it also exerts its actual business in this country.Currently, whether the entity should be recognised as a foreign company is determined by the shareholding maintained by the Polish taxpayer, both individually and jointly with other related entities. It is all about having shares directly or indirectly.

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37Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDDeﬁnition of the related entityFor the purposes of the above clariﬁcation in the provisions of income tax acts, in Article 24a of the CIT Act and Article 30f of the PIT Act, a deﬁnition of what constitutes a related party is included. By this deﬁnition, the related entity means: • a) a legal entity or an organisational unit without legal personality in which the taxpayer holds at least 25% of equity or at least 25% of voting rights in control or constituting bodies, or at least 25% of shares related to the right to participate in proﬁts, • b) a natural person, a legal entity or an organisational unit without legal personality which holds in the taxpayer at least 25% of equity or at least 25% of voting rights in control or decision-making bodies, or at least 25% of shares related to the right to participate in proﬁts, [in the PIT Act - the taxpayer‘s spouse, as well as his relatives up to the second degree], • c) a legal entity or an organisational unit without legal personality in which the entity indicated in b) holds at least 25% of equity or at least 25% of voting rights in control or decision-making bodies, or at least 25% of shares related to the right to participate in proﬁts (Article 24a (2)(4) of the CIT Act).The scope of activities to be performed by a foreign company was signiﬁcantly changed so that its income would be covered by Polish income tax under the CFC regulations. The threshold of obtained passive revenues was reduced from 50% to 33%, while the catalogue of such revenues was broadened. This category includes revenues from: • dividends and other revenues from shares in proﬁts of legal entities, • the sale of shares, • receivables, • interest and beneﬁts from all types of loans, • the interest part of the leasing installment, • sureties and warranties, • copyrights or industrial property rights, including the sale of these rights, • the sale and exercise of rights from ﬁnancial instruments, • insurance, banking or other ﬁnancial activity, • transactions with related entities if the company does not economically generate an added value in relation to these transactions or such value is negligible (Article 24a (3)(3b) of the CIT Act, Article 30f (3)(3b) of the PIT Act).For the same category of companies, the requirement for the tax rate applicable in the country of residence of the company was changed. The legislator departed from the principle of comparing income tax rates for the sake of a ﬁxed amount of tax. As a consequence, a comparison of the actual (eective) taxation of a given CFC was made. Thanks to this, an actual reference of tax amounts and veriﬁcation of mutual relations is to be made. This means that a simulation is necessary in which eective taxation in the country of the company‘s registered headquarter is compared to the hypothetical taxation with Polish CIT.

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38 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)The condition for the controlled company is met if the dierence between the tax actually paid in the country of residence and the company‘s hypothetical Polish tax (i.e. which the company would pay if it were a Polish resident) is higher than the tax actually paid by the company (the actually paid tax is one that is not subject to refund or deduction in any form). However, when calculating such a dierence, the foreign permanent establishment of the controlled company is not taken into account, the tax from such permanent establishment is not paid in the country of residence of the company.There is an obligation imposed on taxpayers covering controlled companies to include in the register of foreign companies also foreign controlled companies set up in other member states of the EU or EOG, even if they provide genuine economic activity, unless that is not a signiﬁcant genuine economic activity. Previously the legislator did not demand the requirement of signiﬁcance. Simultaneously the precision was taken for the evaluation, whether the genuine economic activity is of signiﬁcance, to take into account in particularity the ratio of income generated by the foreign controlled entity from its‘ genuine economic activity to its‘ general achieved turnover (article 24 a clause 18 of the CIT tax act, article 30f clause 20a of the PIT taxact).In the current legal status, the CFC provisions also apply to ﬁxed permanent establishments of foreign taxpayers located in Poland.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.CUSTOMER RELATIONMARTA ROGACKASenior Customer Relations ManagerTax Advisory OceLocation: Poznan

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39Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDThe taxation of transformed companies with proﬁts that have been transferred to other categories of capital than share capitalIn the case of converting a company, that is an income taxpayer, into a company that is not such a taxpayer, the taxable income from shared proﬁts and non-distributed proﬁts will be increased by proﬁts that are transferred into other categories of capital stock.So-called equity loansThe corporate income tax act excludes the application of exemption from taxation for the recipient of dividends (article 20 clause 16) as well as other income from shares in proﬁts of legal entities paid between aliated companies in that part, by which in the country of the company paying the dividends or other shares in proﬁts paid these expenses are subject in whatever form to accreditation to costs of generation of income, deduction from revenue, reduction of the basis of taxation of the paying company. Regulations regarding the validity of Certiﬁcates of Residence (CoR) The presentation of a valid certiﬁcate of residency allows in the case of payment for services rendered to foreign recipients (for example on dividends or royalties) to make use of the principle of avoidance of double taxation. In case of lack of a valid certiﬁcate of residence, in the moment of payment of determined amounts in favor of the foreign recipient, the Polish entrepreneur stays obliged to collect the monies hereunder upfront and to channel the tax at source in the name of the foreign recipient who is subject to taxation as per the rate stipulated in the tax act to the Polish Inland Revenue Oce, hereby not taking into account any relief, nor even exemptions applicable for the regulation of tax at source. A certiﬁcate of tax residency which does not command an expiry date, expires automatically after 12 months from the date of its‘ issuance. In exceptional cases it is possible to make use of a copy of a certiﬁcate of residency. A declaration on the actual beneﬁciaryIn line with the law which came into force on 13th of October 2019 Poland operates the public and accessible for everybody Central Register of Ultimate Beneﬁciary Owners (UBO). In line with the creation of the central register of UBO, companies are legally obliged to pass on the information on their beneﬁciary owners (private persons exercising the ﬁnal control on the legal entities) within 7 days from ﬁrst registration of the legal entity or any actualization in the Polish Corporate Register (KRS).

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40 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)The issuance value of shares The issue price of participation units (shares) determines the price for which the participation units (shares) are subscribed, laid down in the articles of association or the statutes, and in case of lack of such source documents - in any other document of similar character, not lower than the market value of these participation units (shares) (article 4a point 16 of the act on corporate income tax on legal entities). Such a deﬁnition was introduced for the sake of regulations standardizing the challenges related to restructuring operations for the deﬁnition of the size of income related to restructuring events (mergers, splits). The legislator currently orientates himself on the nominal value of participation units (shares), and as a consequence hereof, the income of a stakeholder (shareholder) of a split company stays the issuance value of received by him participation units (shares) of the acquiring party or the new formed company, provided that the assets taken over based on the split, and for a split processed as a separation – the assets taken over as an eect of a split or the assets staying in the company- do not constitute an organized part of the company. Similar as a tax deductible cost from the sale of participation units (shares) in the acquiring party of the assets of the split or the newly formed company is going to be considered the value of the income previously achieved by the stakeholder (shareholder) of the split party, that is the issuance value of the received participation units (shares).The obligation to submit ﬁnancial statements to tax oces in an electronic formThere is no possibility anymore to submit ﬁnancial statements to tax ofﬁces or tax authorities directly either per post or by any means of electronic communication. The company‘s ﬁnancials ﬁled with the KRS repository is automatically transferred to the tax authorities, and only by doing so the ﬁnancials are duly ﬁled within the meaning of the law.Exception: the obligation to submit a copy of the shareholder resolution approving the ﬁnancial statements by entities entered in the National Court Register raises interpretation doubts. Therefore, for your safety, resolutions approving ﬁnancial statements should be submitted separately to the relevant tax oce by post.Obligation to publish the tax strategyThe biggest taxpayers (with revenues above 50,000,000.00 EUR) and companies that are members of a tax capital group and real estate companies have to accept that the Minister of Finance will make public in the Public Information Bulletin information included in their tax statements. The biggest taxpayers and companies that are members of a tax capital group will be required to draw up and publish on their websites information on the tax strategy pursued, including: • processes and procedures regarding the performance of tax obligations and their implementation broken down by individual taxes, • information on MDR, • planned and undertaken restructuring activities aecting the amount of tax liabilities, as well as other information indicated in the regulations.

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41Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDThe introduction of a limit for cash transactionsThe threshold of the transactional amount which – covering companies being the parties to – can be executed in cash runs up to PLN 15.000,00. In the case of performing a cash payment exceeding this amount, the expenses under such a payment cannot be taken to the tax deductible costs in the calculation of corporate income tax CIT. Starting from 1st of January 2023 the execution or the receipt of any payments related to the exercise of a business activity takes place under the intermediation of a bank account of the entrepreneur whenever • a party to the transaction, which executes the payment, is another entrepreneur, and • the one-time value of the transaction notwithstanding of the quantity of the underlying payments overshoots 8000 PLN or the equivalent of this sum.The private consumer will be obliged to carry out the payment with the intermediation of a bank account provided that the one time value of the transaction with an entrepreneur, notwithstanding of the quantity of the underlying payments, overshoots 20.000 PLN or the equivalent of this sum.

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42 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Corporate Income Tax (CIT)“ESTONIAN” CORPORATE INCOME TAXEstonian CIT is referred in the law as a lump sum on income of capital companies. It is a modern way of taxation that promotes investments and minimizes formalities when settling taxes for capital companies and partnerships.This solution is addressed to: • micro, small and medium-sized capital companies and partnerships (limited and limited joint-stock partnership) with revenues not exceeding PLN 100 million, • companies in which the shareholders are exclusively natural persons. The Estonian Corporate income tax will be available to companies:(all of these criteria must be met at the same time) • which do not have shares in other entities, • which employ at least 3 persons, excluding shareholders (facilitations for small and start-up taxpayers are envisaged), • whose passive income does not exceed the income from operating activities.From 2022, the obligation to incur capital expenditures by the taxpayers has been abolished.However, the taxpayers are permitted to incur them in order to beneﬁt from lower tax rates: • for small taxpayers: 10% (in 2021 it was 15%) • for other taxpayers: 20% (in 2021 it was 25%).Until the end of 2022, a partner could deduct 41% / 37% / 71% / 51% of the expenses. Following the amendments he will be able to deduct 70%** or 90%* of the outlays. • *90% - for proﬁt distributed by a small taxpayer • **70% - for proﬁt distributed by other taxpayers Payment of the proﬁts is a requirement of CIT taxation at the rate of 20% (or 10% for a small taxpayer). However, the partner has the right to apply a deduction for the received dividend. The shareholder can reduce the tax paid on that dividend by the corresponding portion of the tax paid by the company. This results in the partner‘s ﬁnal tax amounting to: • 10% for a small taxpayer • 5% for other companiesA company subject to Estonian CIT is also not obliged to pay the minimum tax (statutory exemption).A company subject to Estonian CIT, that does not exceed the sales value of PLN 4,000,000.00 (including VAT) for the preceding tax year is eligible for a quarterly settlement of VAT.

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43Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Other tax on corporations TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDOTHER TAX ON CORPORATIONSReal estate property tax Tax is generally levied on the owner of real estate (land, buildings and construction) at rates imposed by the local authorities.Tax rates are determined by a resolution of the Municipal Council, and now they cannot exceed:Property type Tax rateLand designated for the conduct of business 0.99 PLN/m2Residential buildings 0.89 PLN/m2Buildings designated for the conduct of business24.84 PLN/m2Structures2% of the property value entered as the basis for depreciationSocial security Employers and employees must make social security contributions in an amount that is approximately 35% of an employee’s remuneration (with certain caps).Stamp duty Stamp duty is levied, for example, when ﬁlling apower of attorney and when the (central or local) authorities are requested to perform activities such as issuing certiﬁcates, granting of permission, etc. The applicable rates or ﬁxed amounts are speciﬁed in the stamp duty law.Other • Excise tax is charged on turnover of selected goods, • Shipping companies may opt to pay tonnage tax on certain types of income, • Aspecial tax is imposed on the excavation of silver and copper.

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44 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations preventing tax evasion REGULATIONS PREVENTING TAX EVASION Transfer pricing Discussed in detail in the section “Transfer prices” on page 19.Standard Audit File (Jednolity Plik Kontrolny -JPK)There is an obligation for taxpayers who keep a ledger using computer programs to submit these documents in total or in part along with accounting evidence documents, to tax authorities for a certain settlement period, in the form of a strictly deﬁned electronic format (i.e. “structures”).The concept of the standard audit ﬁle is based on the recommendations of the OECD for the Standard Audit File - Tax 2.0 and was introduced in many European countries, among others, Austria, the Netherlands, France, Slovenia, Luxembourg, Portugal and the Czech Republic.Currently, the following reporting structures are in operation: • Structure 1 - Accounting - JPK_KR, • Structure 2 - Account Statements - JPK_WB, • Structure 3 - Stock - JPK_MAG, • Structure 4 - VAT register for purchases and sales - JPK_ V7M, JPK_V7K, • Structure 5 - Invoices for VAT purposes - JPK_FA, • Structure 6 - Tax Revenue and Expense Ledgers - JPK_PKPIR, • Structure 7 - Revenue Ledger - JPK_EWI.The obligation to transfer the data to the tax authorities in the form of the standard audit ﬁle can be divided into two areas: • At the request of the tax authorities (JPK_KR, JPK_EWI, JPK_PKPiR, JPK_FA, JPK_MAG, JPK_WB, JPK_ V7M, JPK_V7K), • Without the request of the tax authorities (only JPK_ V7M, JPK_V7K) but to be delivered by law on predeﬁned deadlines, i.e. the 25th of the following month for the previous month.

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45Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Regulations preventing tax evasion TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDThe submitted VAT JPK is both a record and a declaration: • JPK_V7M - for tax payers settling their dues monthly • JPK_V7K - for taxpayers settling their dues on a quarterly basis. These declarations have to submitted monthly or quarterly, dependent on the method of settling the taxpayer‘s accounts.Clause for circumventing the law on the exchange of shares:The amendment to the Act on Corporate Income Tax (CIT) provides that the postponement of taxation in the case of transactions involving swap of shares, does not apply if one of the principal interests of the transaction of swapping shares is the avoidance or circumvention of taxation. This situation always applies if the swapping of shares is not grounded on justiﬁed economic aspects.In addition: Individual interpretations issued before the clause came into force on tax evasion do not protect the taxpayer if tax advantages are challenged on the basis of this clause, after 01 January, 2017.Disclosure RequirementsCertain transactions must be reported to the tax authorities and/or the National Bank of Poland.Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR)There is an obligation to provide the Head of the National Tax Administration with information on Mandatory Disclosure Rules (MDR).MDR is a solution developed on the basis of knowledge of tax law provisions and its practical application.Reporting of national MDR is limited to relevant ones only: • subjectively: revenues, costs or assets of the beneﬁciary or its aliate’s exceed the equivalent of 10,000,000.00 EUR, or, • objectively: the agreement refers to an asset or right with its value exceding 2,500,000.00 EUR.The entities obliged to report MDR are: • promoters, i.e. entities that develop, oer, make available or implement the agreement or manage the implementation of the agreement, • supporting entities, i.e. entities which, with due diligence generally required in the performed activities, taking into account the professional nature of the activity, the area of specialisation and the subject matter of the performed activities, undertake, directly or indirectly through other persons, to provide assistance, support or advice concerning developing, marketing, organising, making available for implementation or supervising the implementation of the agreement, • beneﬁciaries, namely entities to which an arrangement is being made available or implemented, or which are prepared or have taken action to implement the arrangement (taxpayers in principle).

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46 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT)Exit Tax Subject to taxation by income tax of non-realized proﬁts stays: • the transfer of assets by the tax payer to another tax jurisdiction in another state herein also those assets forming part of a permanent establishment, • change of a tax residency by the taxpayer, as a result thereof the Polish state loses its’ right to taxation of the income from the sale of a component of the estate being the ownership of this taxpayer. Thus, by its nature, exit tax does not apply to any transfer of assets, but only to those to which the country loses its right to tax the income eectively generated before the transfer.In the CIT Act, the rate is 19% of the tax base.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.TAX & LEGALJOANNA GÓRNIAKAttorney at Lawgetsix Tax & LegallTax Advisory OceLocation: Poznan

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47Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDPERSONAL INCOME TAX (PIT)Legal basis Law dated 26th July, 1991, on Income Tax with all amendments.NIP Registration For tax purposes, if PESEL is not applicableNeeds to be performed in the relevant tax oce before the date when ﬁrst PIT advance payment is due.Tax period For natural persons: Calendar yearTax rates(provided that no ﬂat rate taxation scheduled) The tax-privilege is PLN 5 100.00 annually.Consequently, the ﬁxed monthly privilege regardless of the income is PLN 425.00.Contrary to the previous regulations, there is no upper limit for the tax privilege which remains unchanged regardless of the income achieved.Tax-free income (tax-free amount)PLN 30.000,00 (with limitations)Tax liability • unlimited tax liability on worldwide income (unless a Double Taxation Treaty does conﬁne the taxation obligation), • limited tax liability on certain domestic income.Revenue streams Dierent revenues from: • Special areas in agriculture • Economic activity • Self-employed (personally performed) activity • Employed activity

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48 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) • Capital investment and property rights • Rent & leasing • Capital gains from transfers • Activities carried out by a foreign controlled entity • Unrealised gains • Other incomePIT progressive rates 17% and 32% for the excess over PLN 120,000.00 (ca. EUR 26,090.36) (applicable e.g. to employment income or income on dependent services).PIT ﬂat rate 20% (applicable to board members, being non-Polish tax residents after having completed certain requirements and income generated by the liberal professions),19% (e.g. interest, capital gains, the sale of virtual currencies, income from employment capital schemes, etc.).5% IP Box Described in detail in “Research and development relief“ on page29.Revenue from unrealised gains (ExitTax)The exit tax amounts to: • 19% of tax base - if the tax value of an asset is established, • 3% of tax base - if the tax value of an asset is not established.Lease subject to lump-sum taxationUniform rules apply to the taxation of income deriving from the source referred to in Art. 10 par. 1 item 6 of the PIT Act, i.e. from lease, sublease, tenancy, subtenancy and other agreements of a similar nature. All taxpayers who generate revenues in this respect will apply the same rules for taxing that income. This revenue will be taxed exclusively in the form of a lump-sum tax on registered income. • 8.5% up to 100,000.00 PLN, • 12.5% over 100,000.00 PLN.Monthly tax compliancePIT advances for agiven month to be paid by 20th day of the following monthAdvance payments do not have to be paid by those PIT and CIT taxpayers, whose advance payment for a given month did not exceed 1,000.00PLN. These are cases in which the tax due on income earned from the beginning of the year less the amount of advance payments paid since the beginning of the year does not exceed 1,000.00 PLN.Annual tax compliance An annual tax return for a certain year must be ﬁled from 15th February to 30th April in the year following the tax year.Jurisdiction of the tax authoritiesBoth registrations as well as payments of amounts due on personal income tax and the annual PIT settlement for non-residents posted to work in Poland should be made at the tax oce competent for non-resident taxpayers in the area in which the foreigner resides or with the III Tax Oce Warszawa-Śródmieście, if the work is rendered in more than oneregion.

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49Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDFOREIGNERS AND WORK IN POLANDTax residency Foreign individuals arriving to Poland may become Polish tax residents if their centre of vital (economic or personal) interest moves to Poland, or if they spend in Poland more than 183 days in atax year.Foreign individuals having their domicile in Poland (i.e. having status of Polish tax residents) are subject to unlimited tax liability in Poland, i.e. they are subject to taxation in Poland on their worldwide income, while individuals not domiciled in Poland (i.e. having status of non-Polish tax residents) possess limited tax liability status in Poland, i.e. they are subject to taxation in Poland only with respect to income earned on the territory of Poland.It should be noted that in order to determine the tax residency status, the regulations of the relevant Double Tax Treaty concluded by Poland should be also taken into consideration.Legal basis for rendering work inPolandEmployment contract with the Polish entityRegardless of the tax residency of the foreign individuals, income received by them under the employment contract concluded with the Polish entity is always subject to the Polish PIT according to the progressive rates of 17% and 32%. The Polish employer is obliged to pay monthly PIT advances on the described above income calculated according to the progressive PIT rates. Foreign individuals are obliged to calculate their ﬁnal annual tax liability for the given year as well as submit the annual PIT return until 30th April of the following year.

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50 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT)Foreign employment contract and secondment to Polanda) non-Polish tax residentsThe foreign individuals are personallyresponsible for all PIT compliance activities required by Polish PIT law, i.e. neither foreign employer nor host entity have any obligations in this respect. Please note that the taxable income for Polish PIT purposes includes all income obtained in connection with work in Poland, including remuneration, bonuses of all kind and beneﬁts-in-kind. Thus, most beneﬁts provided by the employer or host entity along with or in place of salary are taxable as regular employment income. Income earned by the foreign individuals in Poland may not be subject to PIT in Poland starting from the ﬁrst day of his or her stay in Poland, only if the following conditions deﬁned in the relevant Double Tax Treaty are simultaneously met: • the stay in Poland lasts less than 183 days, • the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not aresident of Poland (it should be however noted that appropriate analysis of economic employer concept should be performed to assess if this condition is met), and • the remuneration is not borne by apermanent establishment of the employer in Poland.If one of the above conditions is not met remuneration from the foreign employment contract is subject to progressive PIT taxation in Poland, as of the ﬁrst day of the employee‘s stay in Poland. PIT advances on income received from foreign employment contract should be paid on amonthly basis for the months, in which the described on the previous page income was received. Advance payments for PIT for a given month are to be paid up to the 20th day of the next month, applying the 17% PIT rate (the 32% rate may also be applied after exceeding the tax threshold). Natural persons employed under an employment contract until the age of 26 are exempt from income tax. However, this does not apply, as opposed to residents, to relationships based on a contract of mandate. Foreign individuals are obliged to calculate their ﬁnal annual tax liability applying progressive PIT rates. Foreign individuals are also obliged to submit the annual PIT return until 30th April of the following year. Only income related to work performed in Poland is reported for Polish PIT purposes.b) Polish tax residentsGenerally, the same rules applicable to non-Polish tax residents as mentioned in point a) above should be also applied in case of foreigners being Polish tax residents. As a consequence, the foreign individuals are personally responsible for all PIT compliance activities required by Polish PIT law, i.e. neither foreign employer nor host entity have any obligations in this respect.

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51Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDPlease also note that the taxable income for Polish PIT purposes includes all income obtained in connection with work in Poland, including remuneration, bonuses of all kind. As well as the total world income accounted for in accordance with the provisions of agreements on the avoidance of double taxation.Board members a) non-Polish tax residentsIncome obtained by foreigners from, for example, Germany as natural persons being non-Polish resident taxpayers who were appointed as members of a management board of a Polish entity on the basis of a relevant shareholder‘s resolution, may be subject to 20% ﬂat-rate taxation in Poland. All obligations related to PIT relating to this system are performed by a Polish entity in which such a person is a member of a management board. b) Polish tax residentsIf a foreigner, as an individual who is a member of the management board of a Polish entity, becomes a Polish tax resident, the income obtained on the basis of membership in the management board pursuant to a relevant shareholders’ resolution will be subject to progressive PIT taxation in Poland. In such a case, the Polish entity would be obliged to pay monthly PIT advances. Foreigners as natural persons are also obliged to submit their annual PIT return to the Polish Tax Oce by 30th April of the following year.Appointed board members who are Polish residents are subject to health insurance contributions from the entirety of their income in the amount of 9% of the contribution base (income).

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52 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT)Tax deductible expenses:(in the case of income from the employment relationship)From the employment contract(the place of permanent or temporary residence is the same town or city as the workplace)monthly 250.00 PLNyearly 3,000.00 PLNFrom several employment contracts (the place of permanent or temporary residence is the same town or city as the workplace)monthly 250.00 PLNmax. yearly 4,500.00 PLNFrom the employment contract (the place of permanent or temporary residence is a dierent town or city than the workplace)monthly 300.00 PLNyearly 3,600.00 PLNFrom several employment contracts (the place of permanent or temporary residence is a dierent town or city than the workplace)monthly 300.00 PLNmax. yearly 5,400.00 PLNThe revenues of authors • 50% of the tax deductible expenses incurred by a taxpayer collectively in a tax year may not exceed the amount corresponding to the upper limit of the ﬁrst bracket of the tax scale, i.e. PLN120,000.00. • Creative costs applicable to business revenues pursuant to Article 22(9b) of the PIT Act, from the following activities: » creative in the ﬁeld of architecture, interior architecture, landscape architecture, construction engineering, urban planning, literature, visual arts, industrial design, music, photography, audio-visual creation, computer programs, computer games, theatre, costume design, set design, resignation, choreography, artistic violin-making, folk art and journalism, » artistic in the ﬁeld of acting, stage, dance and circular art and in the ﬁeld of conducting, vocalism and instrumentalism, » audio and audio video production, » journalism, » museum in the ﬁelds of exhibition, science, popularisation, education and publishing, » conservation, » a related right described in Art. 2 (2) of the Copyrights Act of 4 February 1994 to an adaptation of a third party’s work in translation, » development and research, educational and scientiﬁc and teaching at universities.Amortisation of intangible assets and tax costsThe following items are not considered as tax deductible expenses: amortisation write-os from the initial value of intangible assets, referred to in Article 22b(1)(4-7), if these rights or assets were previously acquired or created and then sold by a taxpayer or a company that is not a legal entity of which the taxpayer is a partner - in the part exceeding the revenue obtained by the taxpayer from their priorsale.

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53Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDLoss in receivables and tax costsThe expense is determined only up to the amount of the previously obtained due revenue. In the PIT Act, the legislator clearly indicated that the revenue from the sale of receivables, also in the form of a contribution, corresponds to its sales price.Income from economic activity In particular income from trade or business which include the income of self-employed among others: • Manufacturing, construction economics, trading/providing services employment, • Work related to mining, • Employment in connection with the use of intangible assets, • Revenue from the sale of movable assets (e.g. passenger cars), used for business purposes under a under a leasing contract.This type of income also covers acquisition revenue from the sale of operating assets, unless it is property for residential purpose. Option opportunity for income from economic activity:Since January 2004 those revenues can be taxed with a linear tax rate of 19% deviating from the regular taxation (on application of the taxpayer until the 20th January each year rendered to his proper inland revenue oce).But: by chosing so, deductions from the taxable base and joint assessment with the spouse can not be applied. According to the paragraph 7 added to Article 8 of the PIT Act, in the case of spouses earning lease revenue, a declaration on the taxation of all revenues by one of them, and a notiﬁcation of the resignation from this method of settling lease revenues may be submitted using the model declaration/notiﬁcation speciﬁed by the minister responsible for public ﬁnances.Taxation of so-called ‘cashbacks’Taxation with a ﬂat 19% income tax on so-called „cashback“ and other similar beneﬁts received from the banks, credit unions and ﬁnancial institutions.Cashbacks received from banks, cooperatives or other ﬁnancial institutions and ﬁnance institutions within the meaning of separate provisions, in connection with promotions oered by these entities, are subject to 19% ﬂat rate income tax. This tax is collected by banks, cooperatives (e.g. SKOK) and ﬁnancial institutions as taxpayers.

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54 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT)Private use of company carsThe monetary value of a gratuitous service provided to an employee in connection with the use of a company car for private purposes is determined as follows:1) PLN 250.00 per month: for electric or hydrogen powered vehicles with engine power of up to 60 kW (80km) 2) PLN 400.00 per month: for vehicles other than those mentioned aboveIf a company car is being used for private purposes on an irregular basis, the value of that service is determined for each day of usage and equals to 1/30th of the above-mentioned amounts.Group transport of employees organized by the employer to the workplace does not constitute a non cash beneﬁt for the employee and subsequently does not fall under taxation. Precondition for this approach stays the use of a means of transport designed and dedicated from its‘ construction to the transport of more than 9 passengers herein included the driver. Income of non-residentsThe Income Tax Act speciﬁes the mandatory list of sources of income of nonresidents, which are considered to be on the territory of Poland. The amendment also introduces new types of income.Income is considered to be achieved on the territory of Poland if applying to: • securities, including ﬁnancial derivatives admitted to trading on the Stock Exchange, as well as their sale or execution, • the transfer of ownership of company shares, inter alia. From companies and investment funds in which real estate in Poland represents a direct or indirect asset of at least 50%, in the case of disposal of 5% or more of the shares in a real estate company, the tax is collected by that company/fund, • claims which are subject to a ﬂat-rate tax which is regulated by Article 29 and which are carried out by Polish taxpayers, irrespective of the place of conclusion of the contract and the provision of services. Exclusions from tax deductible expensesThe following are not considered as tax deductible expenses: • all kinds of fees and charges for the use or right to use the rights and assets referred to in Article 22b(1)(4-7), acquired or created and then sold by a taxpayer or a company that is not a legal entity of which the taxpayer is a partner - in the part exceeding the revenue obtained by the taxpayer from their previous sale, • the tax referred to in Article 30g (tax on the ownership of commercial properties).

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55Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDManner of implementation of capital in kind transactionsThe manner of calculation of the income covering transactions of commitment of shares in a company/contributions in a cooperative received in exchange for a non-ﬁnancial recompense looks as follows: in the case that the value determined in the statutes or the articles of association will not be valued, or will be valued in a way not answering the market value, the income will be established on the level of market value based on general principles. With respect to the Polish Limited Partnership on Shares (and their foreign legal counterparties which are subject to corporate income taxation), those principles are applicable exclusively with reference to the capital in kind contribution, whose subjects are rights or items. The catalogue of revenues (income) classiﬁed as the “income (revenue) from the share in proﬁts of legal entities” has been expandedSuch revenues, in addition to those previously allocated to them, include: • revenues from the decrease in the value of shares - this is a supplement to the item where income (currently revenue) from redemption of shares has been indicated for a long time, • revenues from a participatory loan, i.e. the one where the payment of interest depends on whether the company made a proﬁt or whether it made a proﬁt in the assumed amount, • revenues from payment in cash, in the case of exchange of shares.Incentive schemes Taxation of income earned on the disposal of shares acquired under incentive schemes.Taxable income arises when the shares are disposed of. The concept of the incentive scheme and the parent company was also deﬁned.The provisions of paragraphs 11-11b apply to income earned by persons entitled by means of acquisition or purchase of shares in joint-stock companies whose registered headquarter or management board is on the territory of a state with which the Republic of Poland has concluded an agreement of avoidance of double taxation.Revenue from incentive schemes is allocated to the source to which the scheme is linked. Therefore, if the incentive scheme is related to work, it will be taxed as income from the employment relationship and stays subject to 17% and 32% tax.Changes related to bonus depreciationThe taxpayer may make a one-o depreciation and amortisation write-o up to PLN 100,000.00 and include it in costs in the year in which he adopted the brand new ﬁxed asset for use. • This regulation applies only to acquired ﬁxed assets (it does not apply to manufactured ﬁxed assets). • Depreciation can only be applied to brand new ﬁxed assets in groups CFA 3-6 and 8. This means that all means of transport have been excluded (group 7), not just passenger cars.

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56 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) • The minimum value of a ﬁxed asset which could be depreciated or subject to amortisation in this manner must be at least PLN10,000.00. • The regulations allow to include as tax costs also advance payments for the acquisition of new ﬁxed assets, which are included in CFA 3-6 and 8, whose delivery will take place in the next reporting periods. • The limit of PLN 100,000.00 per year will cover jointly the depreciation write-o and the amount of payment made for the delivery of a ﬁxed asset. • The limit of PLN100,000.00 is available to every entrepreneur, and in the case of partnerships, this limit applies to all partners of the company.Tax payers may choose the moment of making a one-o depreciation write-o from the following variants, already in force: • a write-o may be made at the earliest in the month in which the ﬁxed assets were entered in the register of ﬁxed assets and intangible assets, • a write-o may be made in one of the ways speciﬁed in Article 16h(4) of the CIT Act or Article 22h (4) of the PIT Act, i.e. in equal instalments every month, in equal instalments every quarter or once at the end of the tax year.One-o amortisation PLN 10.000,00 is the limit of ﬁxed assets or intangible assets allowing for a one-o crediting of expenditure for the acquisition of these assets as tax deductible costs.Withholding tax - ﬂight ticketsFlight ticketsThe obligation to collect withholding tax on the purchase of ﬂight tickets (in the amount of 10%) was abolished, if the purchase of such ﬂight ticket concerns a scheduled passenger ﬂight.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCINGBICH NGOC VU THIHead of Accounting Senior ManagerTax Advisory OceLocation: Wroclaw

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57Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDPIT RELIEFS 2022Deduction covering blood donation purposesThe legislator refrained from dierentiating the amount of taxable deduction whether blood or components of blood are donated. By this the same deduction can be applied whilst donating blood or blood plasma (PLN 130.00 per oneliter). Deduction of expenses for the travel of the disabled personsDeduction of expenses for the travel of the disabled persons to necessary medical and rehabilitation treatment applies to all disabled people, notwithstanding their disability class.Nonetheless, the deduction is still limited by an annual amount of PLN2,280.00.PLN 10,080.00 is a limit on the income of a disabled person who is the taxpayer‘s dependant, while the taxpayer settles the rehabilitation allowance for the disabled person supported by this taxpayer. In addition, it is stipulated that child support is not be taken into account when calculating this income.Expenses deduction for the maintenance of a service dog The limit of expenses deducted for maintaining a service dog is PLN2,280.00.Deductible expensesDeductible expenses - the paid disposal of virtual currencyPursuant to Article 22(14) of the PIT Act, tax deductible expenses of paid disposal of virtual currency are documented expenses directly incurred for the acquisition of virtual currency and costs related to the disposal of virtual currency, including documented expenses incurred for the beneﬁt of the entities referred to in Article 2 paragraph 1 (12) of the Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing.Deduction of a donationDonations made for the purposes of vocational training to the public schools providing such training, referred to in Article 4 point 28a of the Educational Law 14 December 2016, as well as donations to the public facilities and centres described in Article 2 item 4 of this act.Thermal modernisation reliefA taxable person who owns or is a co-owner of a single family residential building is entitled to deduct from the tax basis as calculated under Article 26 paragraph 1 or Article 30c paragraph 2, the expenditures incurred in the tax year on construction materials, equipment and services related to the execution of thermal modernisation in this building, as described in the regulations issued on the basis of paragraph 10, which will be completed in the period of 3 consecutive years, counting from the end of the tax year in which the ﬁrst expense was incurred. The deduction amount cannot exceed PLN 53,000.00 with regard to all executed thermal modernisation activities in certain buildings, owned or co-owned by the taxable person.

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58 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Personal Income Tax (PIT)Relief for the employees (Middle-Class Relief)Concerns taxpayers (restrictions apply accordingly to the catalogue described in the Act) that yearly generated income in the amount ranging between PLN 68,412.00 and PLN 133,692.00 or monthly ranging between PLN 5 701.00 to PLN 11 141.00 (for the purpose of calculating monthly tax advances).Relief for return back to PolandThe return relief is to be taken into account during a tax year, for calculation of advance payments, albo by the withholding agents. However, for the withholding agent to apply the exemption, the condition is that the taxpayer is obliged to submit an appropriate declaration.The deduction will, in principle, be available to the taxpayer for the duration of four years following the base year.The base year is selected by the taxpayer and shall either be the year in which the taxpayer changes tax residency and becomes a Polish resident or the year that follows the change of the tax residency.The relief for return grants a deduction: • for the ﬁrst year - half of the due tax calculated for the base year of the relief application • for the second year - half of the due tax calculated for the ﬁrst year of the relief application • for the third year - half of the due tax calculated for the second year of the relief application • for the fourth year, half of the tax due calculated for the third year of the relief applicationSimilarly to the tax relief for return, if the returnee has lived at least 3 years abroad and moves to Poland, he/she will be able to beneﬁt from preferences regarding the contributions for the social security.Relief for research and development (Innovation Box)The rules for applying the relief for innovative employees, robotisation and prototypes do not dier for CIT and PIT.For details on this relief, see page 29.Relief for innovative employees, robotisation, prototypesThe rules for applying the relief for innovative employees, robotisation and prototypes do not dier for CIT and PIT.For details on this relief, see page 30.Relief for contributors to sports activities, cultural activities, higher education and scienceThe rules for applying the relief for contributors to sports activities, cultural activities, higher education and science do not dier for CIT and PIT.For details on this relief, see page 31.

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59Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)Legal basis Act of 11 March, 2004, on the taxation of goods and services with all amendments.Tax rates • Standard Tax Rate 23%, • Reduced Tax Rate 8%: (e.g. some foods, plants, associated with health goods, catering and hotel services, transportation services, public housing), • Reduced tax rate 5%: (Especially food, specialist books and journals), • Reduced tax rate 0%: (Export of goods, Intra-Community supplies of goods).General • Value Added Tax on goods and services is a broad-based tax levied on the supply of goods and services in Poland, • Polish regulations are based on EU directives.Registration A Polish legal entity is subject to the VAT registration obligation if the value of the sales in the previous tax year exceeded 200,000.00 PLN.Foreign entrepreneurs must register for VAT in Poland before they start any VAT-able activity in Poland (except for limited and expressly listed cases). Based on the Polish Fiscal Penal Code if an entity obliged to register for VAT purposes fails to fulﬁl this obligation, it will be liable to pecuniary penalty for ﬁscal oence in an amount determined individually in each case (multiples of the lowest monthly salary).

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60 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT)Refusal to register ataxpayerThe premises for the refusal to regist an entity as a VAT payer and to delet the taxpayer from the registerer of VAT payers: • refusal of registration is possible where veriﬁcation shows that the data given in the registration application is false, the entity does not exist or, despite attempts to do so, it cannot be contacted, or it does not appear and its representive does not appear on the summons of the head of the tax oce.Cancellation of ataxpayerA taxpayer is cancelled if: • the taxpayer does not exist, • despite documented attempts, it is not possible to contact the taxpayer or its representative, • data provided in VAT-R registration form is false, • the taxpayer or its representative does not react on the summons of the head of the tax oce, of the director of the tax administration chamber or the head of the national tax administration, • the taxpayer suspended the performance of business activity on the basis of provisions concerning suspension of business activity for a period of at least 6 consecutive months, • a taxpayer who was obliged to submit VAT declarations failed to submit such declarations for 6 consecutive months or 2 consecutive quarters, • the taxpayer submitted VAT declarations for 3 consecutive months or 1 consecutive quarter in which he did not report the sale or acquisition of goods or services with any amounts of tax for deduction.Compliance (a) InvoicingTransactions between VAT taxpayers must be documented with invoices. The Polish VAT law strictly regulates the elements that should be included in invoices. In general, an invoice should contain at least the following obligatory data: • name and surname or business name of the seller and its address, • name and surname or business name of the purchaser and its address, • Polish tax identiﬁcation numbers of the purchaser and the seller, • sequential number of the invoice that identiﬁes the invoice, • date of issuance, • date of supply - if such date is determined and diers from the invoice issuance date (in the case of continuous supplies the taxpayer can indicate the month and year of the supply), • name (kind) of goods or services, • unit of measure and quantity of the goods sold or scope of the services rendered, • unit price of the goods or services without VAT (Net unit price), • value of the potential discounts, including those for the earlier payment, if they were not included in the net unit price.Simpliﬁed invoices may be used if the total amount of due amounts on the invoice does not exceed PLN 450.00 or EUR 100.00 (if the invoice is issued in EUR).

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61Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDSimpliﬁed invoices may not include elements of the invoice that are marked with ‘’ provided that the invoice includes information enabling to determine the value of VAT in relation to particular VAT rates. If a VAT invoice is to be issued on the basis of a ﬁscal receipt, this receipt must contain the tax identiﬁcation number (NIP) of the purchaser.(b) EU VAT taxPolish VAT regulations comply with Directive 2006/112/EC.(c) FilingRegistered VAT taxpayers are required to submit monthly or quarterly returns to the competent tax oce and keep registers of purchases and sales subject to VAT. Only small taxpayers are entitled to ﬁle quarterly VAT declarations provided that: • Already 12 months lapsed counted from the month they have been registered as an active VAT payer by the Polish Inland Revenue Oce • In the reporting quarter or in the 4 preceding reporting quarters the taxpayers did not accomplish a delivery of goods which are in detail enumerated in the enclosure number 13 of the VAT tax act (unless the aggregated value of those goods without VAT did not exceed, in any month of those mentioned periods, the amount of 50,000.00 PLN).Additionally, registered VAT EU taxpayers performing intra-community acquisitions of goods into Poland and intra-community sales of goods and services from Poland are also required to submit every month the summary information.(d) Payment/refundsThe tax due to the tax authorities is calculated as the output VAT minus the input VAT on purchase invoices.As arule, the surplus of output VAT over input VAT must be paid within 25 days following the month in which the VAT obligation arose (for small taxpayers, the VAT due must be paid within 25 days following the quarter in which the VAT obligation a rose). If the input VAT exceeds the output VAT, aVAT refund is generally available.(e) PenaltiesIn general, if the obligations committing Polish VAT taxpayers are not fulﬁlled, the tax authorities may impose the penalties provided for in the provisions of the Polish Fiscal Penal Code on them. Additionally, if any VAT liability arises, taxpayers are obliged to pay the reckoned outstanding VAT amount due along with imposed penalty interest.

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62 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT)VAT group The legislator has introduced regulations on the establishment and operation of the VAT groups. These regulations will enter into force on the 1st of July 2022.A VAT group may be formed by the taxpayers that: • have their registered oce in the territory of Poland, or • conduct their business activity in the territory of Poland.An entity may be a member of only one VAT group. In addition, a VAT group cannot be a member of another VAT group.The constitution of a VAT Group may not change during its duration.Upon the creation of a VAT group members are lawfully deleted from the VAT register and appropriately upon its termination, they are automatically reinstated in the VAT register.The VAT group is represented by a contractually appointed Group Representative.Application to non-residentsThe entities without the status of Polish residents (i.e. headquartered outside Poland) performing transactions taxable in Poland according to the Polish VAT provisions (e.g. intra-community acquisitions of goods in the territory of Poland) are obliged to register for VAT purposes in Poland, and as a consequence, fulﬁl the obligations imposed under Polish VAT law on registered VAT taxpayers.Deliveries The tax applies to the supply of goods against payment, which also includes the delivery of goods and services free of charge.The taxpayer has the right to deduct input tax paid on goods and services, provided that they are used for taxable activities.Gratuitous transfers Free transfer of low value goods considered to be gifts as well as samples are not subject to taxation, as long as it is linked with business goals. Propagation of advertising materials and printed information brochures as per today stays not exempt from taxation. New deﬁnitions of samples have been introduced into the tax code. Place of supply of goods (cross-border transactions) • Place of supply for dispatched goods or transported by the forwarder himself, their purchaser or by a third party is the place where the goods are warehoused in the moment of the commencement of their dispatch or transport to the buyer; • Place of supply for goods neither dispatched nor transported is the place where the goods are stored in the moment of their delivery, for example land plots, buildings, construction sides. Services As a general rule all services which are not to be treated as delivery of goods. The tax base comprises all items which are subject to payment for the rendered services.

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63Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDPlace of performanceRule: • Place of service in favour of a taxpayer (businessman) is the location of its registered oce (or ﬁxed place of management or permanent residence), • Place of service in favour of a subject being a private person/consumer, is the country of his headquarter (or ﬁxed place of management or ﬁxed place of residence).Exeptions: • Services performed by intermediaries for end users - the place where the transaction takes place. • Real estate services - location of real estate property, • Transportation services: » Transport of persons - the place of transport, taking into account the distances covered, » Transport of goods in favor of consumers - the place of transport, taking into account the distances covered, » Transport of goods in favour of consumers, the beginning and the end of the movement on the territory of two dierent member states take place - the place of commencement of the transport. • Auxiliary services to transportation services: place of service delivery. • Services in the ﬁeld of art, culture and of educational, recreational, scientiﬁc and sporty character: » In favor of an entrepreneur: applicable stays the general rule (place of headquarter of the entrepreneur), » In favor of a consumer: the place of service delivery, » Entrance to an event (entrepreneur and consumer): the localization of the event. • Restaurant and catering services: place of service delivery. • Short term rental of means of transportation: place where the transportation means are in fact made available to the client. • Electronic services: » In favor of entrepreneurs: the general rule applies (localization of the headquarter of the entrepreneur), » In favor of ﬁnal consumers. • Possessing the headquarter or status of place of residence outside of the European Union or possessing the status of a resident in the European Union, where the services are rendered from a third country by service providers having residency status: localization of the headquarter/place of living of the service provider. • Possessing the headquarter or status of residency in the European Union, where the services are rendered from a country of the European Union by service providers being residents: place of headquarter (or permanent establishment of performing business activity or permanent place of living) of the service provider. • On intangible and legal services (for example sale of rights, advertising, legal, bank, ﬁnancial and insurance services, employment agency) in principle the general rule applies, an exception aects only consumers who have their headquarter/place of living in a third country - headquarter/place of living of the service provider.

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64 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) • Telecommunication, radio and television services - exemption from taxation, provided that the services are rendered in favor of the end consumers, with the dierence of delivery in the place of living/headquarter of provider and recipient of the services. • Services linked to tourism -localization (or permanent establishment of business performance or place of living) of the service provider. New special procedure for the VAT rules on telecommunications, radio and television, as well as on electronic servicesNotwithstanding the status or the headquarter of business activity of the service provider, in the case of rendering of telecommunication, electronic and broadcasting services in favor of persons/consumers not being taxpayers, place of service delivery stays always the place where such a person/consumer has his headquarter, permanent place of living or the simple residency stay permission (article 28k of the VAT act). This does also apply to foreign entities (entities not having neither their headquarter nor their place of business activity performance on the territory of the European Union). Reverse Charge “Reversal of the tax liability”The reverse charge as a general rule ﬁnds application in the situation where the supplier/service provider is a foreign entity (and thus does neither have in Poland his headquarter nor a permanent establishment for running a business activity), and the purchaser is a Polish VAT payer. Invoices issued without VAT require the information on transfer of the tax obligation, the identiﬁcation numbers of the entrepreneurs, supplier as well as purchaser. The foreign entrepreneur stays obliged to settle the tax: • Provided that he performs services linked to real estate and he is registered for VAT purposes in Poland; in case of other services, it is required to assure the control of the Polish purchasers. • In case of trade in goods the foreign supplier is obliged to settle his VAT, provided that he is registered for the purpose of VAT in Poland.For the supply of goods and services, whose catalogue has been in-depth itemized in the enclosure number 15 to the VAT act, the application of split payment mechanism in VAT obliges by law. The purchaser of goods or services explicitly mentioned in the enclosure number 15 stays obliged to transact the payments divided into net amounts to the supplier whereas for the part of VAT tax speciﬁed on the invoice on a dedicated VAT account, which services for the tax administration for collection of payments in the context of split payment. Real estate VAT settlement obligations stays with the buyer or application of exemption from taxation of the delivery of the real estate after fulﬁllment of detailed terms and conditions. Rental Subject to taxation VAT in any case. Sale Subject to VAT taxation or tax on civil transactions, which is payable in the case of VAT exemption or in case none of the parties is a registered VAT payer.

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65Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND0% Tax Rate Amongst others (after fulﬁllment of speciﬁed terms and conditions): • Inner European delivery of goods, • Export of goods, • In detail itemized costs directly linked with the export of goods and linked with them services, • International forwarding freight services, • Services related to processing and ﬁnishing of goods.VAT exemption inter alia • delivery of used goods utilized solely for the purpose of nontaxable business operations, • ﬁnancial services (granting of loans, maintenance of bank accounts, foreign exchange) with the exception of leasing, factoring or advisory services without: » services forming an element of ﬁnancial services, which are themselves considered a separated entirety even if they are adequate and required for the performance of the ﬁnancial services, » services constituting an element of brokerage in ﬁnancial services, • snsurance and reinsurance services, • some medical services, • some educational services, • services in the ﬁeld of social care, • services in the ﬁeld of social security insurance, • some services in the ﬁeld of culture and sport. VAT deduction on expenses related to the use of passenger carsThe amount of VAT subject to deduction depends on the purpose for which the car is used. Provided that the car is used for dierent purposes, that means as well as for business operations as well as for private ones, the right to deduct tax is limited to 50%. But in case the taxpayer uses the car exclusively for business operations, he stays entitled to the deduction of the full amount of VAT tax. The full right to deduction applies also in the case where the car from its‘ construction features is dedicated to the transport of minimum 10 person including the driver (this fact should form part of the road documents of the car). Limited possibilities of deduction - not only VAT on purchase Provided that the car of a maximum allowed weight not exceeding 3,5 tons is used for business operations as well as for private ones, the taxpayer is entitled to 50% deduction in VAT, applicable not only for VAT on purchase, Inner European purchase of goods (WNT) or the import of cars (as it was in the past), but also on the VAT applicable on repairs, exploitation and the purchase of spare parts. Unlimited possibilities of deduction - obligations referring to the evidencing The taxpayer will have the right to 100% of VAT deduction under the condition that the car is used exclusively for the purpose of business activity of the taxpayer. Simultaneously the following requirements must be fulﬁlled: • The taxpayer must determine the principles of use of the car conﬁrming that it can be used exclusively for the purpose of business activity of the taxpayer

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66 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) • Mileage records must be kept for vehicles used exclusively for the taxable person‘s business activity.The logbook evidence of the car must comprise: registration number of the car, commencement and end of the evidencing, reading of the meter of the driven kilometers. The logbook must be maintained from the day onwards from which the car is used exclusively for the purpose of business activity of the taxpayer. In case the taxpayer does not comply with the mentioned before information requirements on time, his car will be accredited as company car used exclusively for the purpose of business activity of the taxpayer until after the day, following which the missing information have been replenished. Information ﬁling deadlinesTaxpayers who are going to use cars exclusively for business purposes, for which a logbook will be kept, will be obliged to notify the head of competent tax oce of the vehicles used exclusively for business purposes (VAT-26 form). The VAT-26 information should be ﬁled within statutory deadlines.Liability for breach of the information obligationA taxpayer who fails to ﬁle the VAT-26 information on time or who provides false information, and deducts 100% of VAT at the same time, is subject to penal and ﬁscal liability (ﬁne of up to 720 so-called daily rates, where such daily rates range from PLN 93.30 to as much as PLN37,777.33).Accelerated refund of VAT • General refund period: 60 days from the date of ﬁling the tax return, shortening to 25 days possible (assuming all reported in the tax return amounts should have been settled at the time of ﬁling the tax return), • 180 days: if in a given settlement period no taxable transactions were made. An accelerated 25-day refund period for VAT is still possible, although the use of this advantage is subject to a number of requirements which must be met. The VAT refund within this shorter deadline is possible if: • the input tax (VAT connected with purchases), shown in the tax return, with the exception of the tax credits on purchases rolled over from previous settlement periods results from: » invoices documenting liabilities paid in full through a bank account of the taxpayer in a bank headquartered in Poland or an account of the taxpayer in a co-operative bank which he is a member; registered with the Polish Inland Revenue Oce, which is laid down In other law directives. » other invoices documenting liabilities provide that the amount total of those payments due does not exceed 15,000.00 PLN, » customs clearing documents, import declarations or other decisions, which article 33 clauses 2 and 3 and article 34 talk about, have been paid by the taxpayer.

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67Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND » the import of goods settled in accordance with Article 33a, Intra-Community purchase of goods, provision of services for which the taxpayer is the service recipient, or the delivery of goods, for which the taxpayer fulﬁlls the role of purchaser, provided that in the respective tax declaration a tax payable is reported from these transactions. • the input tax or tax surplus not settled having been rolled over from previous settlement periods and shown in the declaration does not exceed PLN 3,000.00. • the taxpayer presents to the Inland Revenue Oce documents conﬁrming the payment of the VAT tax where the payment of the tax must have been made from a bank account of the taxpayer having been previously notiﬁed to the Polish Inland Revenue Oce. • the taxpayer for the consecutive 12 months preceding the tax period in which he applies for a refund of VAT within the shortened period of 25 days, » was registered as an active VAT taxpayer, » submitted a VAT declaration for each VAT period.Re-imbursement of input tax for foreign companiesHow does it work: • Application in Polish language for entrepreneurs from the European Union - in electronic format only, • Competent tax oce: II Urząd Skarbowy Warszawa - Śródmiejście • The application may encompass a period of minimum 3 months but not longer than 1 year, • The application should be rendered by the 30th of September of the following year as the deadline, • The decision on the amount of recognized VAT eligible for return will be issued within 4 months counted from the moment the application has been rendered to the competent tax oce, • The refund will be processed within 10 working days from the moment the decision on the amount of recognized VAT eligible for refund has been taken by the competent tax oce.Intra-Community supply (to registered entrepreneurs)Provided that the following conditions are fulﬁlled, atax rate of 0% in Poland will be applied: • The supply was carried out towards an entrepreneur registered for VAT-purposes in another membership country of the European Union, and • The goods have left Poland and the supplier has appropriate evidence, and • The supplier has mentioned the correct tax identiﬁcation number on the invoice.To end users The taxation on supplies of goods to consumers (private individuals) in another membership country of the European Union takes place in Poland.Exceptions: • Means of transport, inter alia passenger cars, are always taxed in that country to which the consumer ships the new means of transport, • Mail order business (The goods are handed over in the name of the supplier to the ﬁnal consumer, provided that the value of the goods sold exceeds a certain turnover limit on the side of the supplier).

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68 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT)Reporting requirements • Summing up reports (UE VAT) are to be delivered in general on amonthly basis. • To be captured: » Intra-community deliveries of merchandise, » Intra-community purchases, » Deliveries under the so-called intra-Community supply triangle, » Services to foreign companies (from EU Member States), in which the tax liability passes over to the purchaser of the goods or services.Point of time of the origination of the tax liabilityThe tax obligation arises at the moment of delivery of goods or service.Deﬁnitions of the tax baseAs a rule, the modiﬁcations of the rules is the direct implementation of the deﬁnition contained in the VAT directive. The new tax base includes all payments, which have a direct impact on the price of goods and services rendered by the taxpayer. The new VAT regulation explicitly mentioned what is included in the tax base, like additional costs (commissions, packing and transportation costs, as well as insurance costs). In case of free deliveries or services the values or comparable prices of the goods and services concerned will build the new tax base. If there are no comparable prices the tax base includes all costs incurred at the tax point. ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCINGJOANNA NIZKA-KRZYŻANOWSKAHead of AccountingSenior ManagerTax Advisory OceLocation: Warsaw

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69Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDOBLIGATION TO USE THE SPLIT PAYMENT METHODSome products and services are subject to the obligation to apply the split payment method, which results from art. 108a of the VAT Act, appendix no. 15. When making payments for goods or services listed in this appendix, documented by an invoice in which the total sum of receivables amounts to 15,000.00 PLN, taxpayers are obliged to apply the split payment mechanism. On the other hand, a taxpayer who is obliged to issue an invoice, is obliged to accept payment of the amount of receivables resulting from that invoice using the split payment mechanism. Invoices should be marked “split payment mechanism” under pain of additional tax liability. Lack of such a mark will result in a sanction amounting to 30% of the VAT amount indicated in the invoice, unless the receivable was paid using the split payment mechanism.The application of the split payment mechanism will be based on the following: • the payment of the amount corresponding to all or part of the tax amount resulting from the invoice received is made to the VAT account, • the payment of all or part of the amount corresponding to the net sales value resulting from the invoice received is made to a bank account or an account in a co-operative savings and credit union for which a VAT account is kept or is otherwise settled.The split payment mechanism for goods other than those listed in Annex 15 to the Act is still not mandatory, but the legislator has provided for a number of incentives for these transactions to convince taxpayers to use this form of settlement. These incentives are as follows: • abandoning the principle of joint and several liability, • abandoning the imposition of additional tax liability, • no use of increased interest from the VAT tax debts (up to 150% of the standard rate), • accelerated refund of excess input VAT.Deposits and withdrawalsThe VAT account will allow to deposit only cash from: • the payment corresponding to the amount of VAT paid to the supplier of goods or the service provider using a dedicated transfer message, • VAT amount refund: » in the case of issuing a corrective invoice, using a dedicated transfer message, » by the tax oce.

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70 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT)THE WHITE LIST OF TAXPAYERS FROM 1.09.2019, SANCTIONS FROM 1.01.2020Regulations introducing the so-called white list of taxpayers are in force. The white list replaced the lists of VAT taxpayers in force until now.The list of VAT taxpayers contains information not only about the current status of a given entity, but also about how it looked on a selected date in the 5 years preceding the year in which the taxpayer is checked.The white list contains data on taxpayers such as: REGON, PESEL, business address, residence and most importantly the taxpayer‘s bank account.The consequences of a taxpayer making a payment to an account other than the one on the white list are as follows:Limitation of the right to deduct tax deductible expenses (KUP) In case of payment to a bank account other than the one from the whitelist of an amount exceeding PLN 15,000.00 gross, a taxpayer will not be able to recognize this amount as a tax deductible cost (amended Article 22p(1) of the PIT Act / Article 15d(1) of the CIT Act). If the taxpayer recognizes this expense as a tax deductible cost, he/she will be obliged to • decrease tax deductible costs, or, if this is not possible, • increase the income - by the amount incorrectly classiﬁed as tax deductible costs in the month in which the payment was made or the transfer was ordered, respectively. However, the limitation related to the payment to an account which was indicated on the white list will not apply if the taxpayer submits an appropriate notice to the head of the tax oce competent for the seller within seven days (during the pandemic period: 14 days) from the date of ordering the transfer or settles the payment using the split payment mechanism.Joint and several liability with the contractor If the buyer makes a payment to an account other than the one indicated on the white list and the seller does not pay VAT on this transaction, the buyer will be jointly and severally liable with the seller up to the amount of the tax liability on the transaction. However, the taxpayer may protect himself from the above sanction in two ways: • by submitting, at the latest within 7 days (during the pandemic: 14 days) from making the payment, an appropriate statement to the head of the tax oce of the seller, or • making the payment using the split payment mechanism.

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71Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDWhite list of VAT registered entitiesIt is a public available list of VAT payers containing information on the status of the company. It was created to make it easier for entrepreneurs and authorities to verify whether a given entrepreneur is an active VAT taxpayer and to conﬁrm his bank account number. The legislator has provided for sanctions for payments to bank accounts not registered in the white list. PIT and CIT taxpayers at the moment of payment to an account other than the one indicated in the white list of taxpayers for a transaction exceeding PLN 15,000.00gross cannot account the above mentioned expenditure in the tax deductible expenses (unless within 7days they notify the head of the tax ofﬁce applicable for the invoice issuer) on their wrongdoing.VAT taxpayers are jointly and severally liable for the amount of VAT at the moment of payment to an account other than the one indicated in the white list of taxpayers (for a transaction exceeding PLN15,000.00gross) (unless within 7 days they notify the head of the tax ofﬁce applicable for the invoice issuer on their wrongdoing or make a split payment).ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.CUSTOMER RELATIONELŻBIETA NARONHead of Customer Relationships Department / Senior ManagerTax Advisory OceLocation: Wroclaw

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72 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT)VouchersRegulations provide for two types of vouchers, within the meaning of instruments subject to the obligation of their acceptance as remuneration for delivery of goods or rendered services, namely: • a single-purpose voucher (SPV) - for which the place of supply of the goods or services to which the voucher relates and the amount of due tax, value added tax or similar tax arising from the supply of such goods or services are known at the time of issuance of voucher, • a multi-purpose voucher - a voucher other than a single purpose voucher.A single-purpose voucher entitles the holder to receive certain goods or services where the level of taxation (in particular the VAT rate), the identiﬁcation of the supplier and the Member State in which the supply of the goods or services linked to a certain voucher can be determined deﬁnitively from the outset. VAT is charged on the sale of the voucher.With regard to a multi-purpose voucher, the tax is charged at the actual supply of goods or services in exchange for the voucher accepted by the supplier. In other words, in this case, VAT should be charged when the goods or services to which it relates are supplied.Bad debt reliefBad debt relief is the possibility for the creditor to correct the tax in case the debtor fails to pay the invoice. Lack of payment for the sales invoice within 90 days from the due date results in the obligation of correction on the part of the buyer. On the part of the creditor, meaning the supplier to whom payment is due, this is a privilege which he/she may but does not necessarily have to use.Consequences of delay by failure to meet the deadlines and dates • Delay penalties: currently 8% per annum • Penalties for late payment: only for VAT - up to 30% of the tax liabilityThe Head of the Inland Revenue Oce or the Control Authority may impose on the taxpayer additional liabilities in the amount of 30% of the total VAT tax undercutting or 30% of the overstated amount of the VAT return as well as the accrued VAT or the dierence in VAT brought forward for the settlement periods to come leading to an undercutting of the VAT liabilities. A correction of the mistake can provide for a reduction in the ﬁne from the initial 30% down to 20%. Additional obligations arise when the inland revenue oce conﬁrms that the taxpayer reported in his tax declaration: • a tax amount lower than the tax liability in reality, • shows a tax dierential to be reimbursed or a pre-tax oset which is higher than the tax credit due in reality, • a tax dierence to be deducted from the tax liability for the next tax periods which is higher than the amount due to him in reality, • a dierence amount in tax for refund or the refund amount of the output vat or the dierence amount derived from the deduction of input vat for the periods to come, although he should have reported a tax liability amount subject to payment to the Polish Inland Revenue Oce.

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73Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Value Added Tax (VAT) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDFurthermore, 30% of the penalties also apply to taxpayers who do not submit tax returns and do not settle the tax liabilities with the tax authorities.In the current legal environment when the Polish tax authorities discover the lack of tax declaration ﬁlings or missing VAT payments when having fallen due, increased penalty interest will be inﬂicted on the delinquent taxpayers.100% of the VAT on false empty invoicesThe percentage of additional liability increases to 100% of the input tax that results from the invoices if it is established that the invoices with increased deductible VAT: • have been issued by a non-existent legal entity, • are related to activities which have not been carried out (as regards the part relating to those activities), • relate to amounts which do not correspond with reality (with regard to the items for which amounts are not true), • support the activities in which Article 58 of Civil Law applies (as regards the part relating to those activities).

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75Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Tax audit and legal recourse in Poland TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDTAX AUDIT AND LEGAL RECOURSE IN POLANDPurposeTo verify compliance with tax law obligations.Scope of the auditDetermined in the notiﬁcation of initiation of a tax audit (in certain cases the audit may be initiated without prior notice).Audit of the Tax OfﬁceTarget: determination of the subject and the amount of the tax liability. The Inland Revenue Oce prepares a protocol, which can be used as evidence in a tax proceeding. Control methodIt is determined whether the taxes were paid on time.If default interest accrues, the tax authority shall issue atax assessment in the amount of tax due and default interest are ﬁxed.Tax audit performed by the ﬁnance control group It is checked whether the taxpayer has declared his tax liabilities on the merits and the amount properly. If atax liability determined, aseparate tax bill will be enacted.Tax payers can draw on in Poland in ﬁscal matters on the following rights: • Appeal against adecision, • Complaint to the Provincial Administrative Court, • Nulliﬁcation suit with the Supreme Administrative Court, • Legal action with the European Court of Justice.

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76 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022TAX ORDINANCE ACT TAX ORDINANCE ACTVeriﬁcation of the contractorTaxpayers may obtain from the tax oces a certiﬁcate regarding the following information about their contractors conducting business activity: • conﬁrmation that the contractor has (or has not) submitted a tax return or other document he was obliged to submit pursuant to the provisions of tax acts, • conﬁrmation that the contractor has (or has not) included in the tax return or other document the events he was required to include pursuant to the provisions of tax acts, • conﬁrmation that the contractor is (or is not) in arrears with taxes resulting from a tax return or other document submitted pursuant to the provisions of tax acts.Evidence in tax proceedingsThe open catalogue of evidence in tax proceedings may include documents gathered during the analysis performed by the National Tax Administration.AcquisitioncheckingAcquisition checking is a procedure of purchasing goods or services performed by a National Revenue Administration (KAS) ocer. It is carried out in order to determine whether the person being subject to the veriﬁcation complies with the obligations arising from the tax law provisions within the scope of: • registering sales of goods and services using a cash register, • issuing a ﬁscal receipt to the customer,It is performed on the grounds of legal standing and a permanent authorization issued by the Head of the Inland Oce or the Customs and Tax Oce.

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77Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Interest as of 01.01.2022 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND INTEREST AS OF 01.01.2022Interest on tax arrears Interest on tax arrears amount to the double basic NBP Lombard loan interest rate and 2%, however not less than 8.5%.Statutory interest • 5.75% (statutory interest), • 11.5% (maximum interest).Statutory interest for delay • 7.75% (interest for delay), • 15.5% (maximum interest for delay).Interest rate for delay in commercial transactionsThe interest rate on delays in commercial transactions is 11.75%.Reduced rates Reduced interest on tax arrears at 50% of the interest rate on tax arrears applies if the following conditions are fulﬁlled simultaneously: • a legaly binding correction of tax return is submitted no later than within 6 months from the date of the expiry of the time limit for submitting the tax return, • the conﬁrmed tax arrears are paid within 7 days from the date of submitting the correction of tax return.Leniency When a taxpayer provides the authorities with a formal notiﬁcation that he has committed a prohibited act, this shall exclude the act as punishable if: • it occurs before the competent tax authority identiﬁes the fact in question and • along with the ﬁling of the notice, the reported deﬁciencies and transgressions will be remedied.An act of contrition does not protect the taxpayer from being penalised if, prior to the submission of the act of contrition together with the correction, preparatory proceedings have been initiated in his case with regard to the tax oence.

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78 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Tax limits in 2022Increased rate The increased interest rate of 150% of the base rate (currently 12%) will apply to tax refunds on goods and services, as well as to back-up excise duties and customs duties.This rate shall be applied if the tax authority detects in the course of its tax procedures (veriﬁcation activities, tax audit or tax proceedings) an understatement of tax liabilities (overestimation of overpayment or tax refund) in the amount exceeding 25% of the amount due and higher than the amount of 5 times minimum salary, or the lack of the tax return and tax payment. TAX LIMITS IN 2022Income limits for small-business enterprises in 2022 • Small-business enterprises for PIT / CIT: 9,242,000.00 PLN. • Small-business enterprises for VAT: 5,545,000.00 PLN. • Limit of revenues entitling to a lump sum on recorded revenues is EUR 2,009,392.53, which corresponds to the amount of: PLN9,242,000.00. • The amount of net income that requires to maintain full accounting ledger accounts by individuals, partnerships of individuals, partnerships of individuals, partnerships and social cooperatives: 9,242,000.00 PLN. • Maximum total amount of depreciation in a year, as part of a one-o depreciation: 230,000.00 PLN.

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79Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDDOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENT (DTA)Double Taxation Agreement (DTA):Poland concluded Double Taxation Agreements (DTA’s) with 90 countries, 86 of which have entered into force. These agreements are based on the OECD Model Convention.Governance of the right for taxation looks dierently in the case of share disposals in real estate companies. Following the OECD Model Convention, for those Double Taxation Agreements (DTA’s) marked with ‘yes’, the country of location of the real estate possesses the right for taxation vis-a-vis share deals, and not the country of residence/domicile of the seller.Tax rates mentioned in the Double Taxation Agreements (DTA’s) can be applied only then, when the tax payer possesses and provides acertiﬁcate of residence issued by the Inland Revenue oce of the applicable country.Country Entry into force Property Clause Dividends in% () Interests in% Licenses in%Albania 27.06.94 no 5/10 10 5Armenia 27.02.05 yes 10 5 10Australia 04.03.92 yes 15 10 10Austria 01.04.05 yes 5/15 0/5 5Azerbaijan 20.01.05 yes 10 10 10Bangladesh 28.01.99 no 10/5 10 10Belarus 30.07.93 no 10/15 0/10 0Belgium 29.04.04 yes 10 0/5 0/5Bosnia & Herzegovina07.03.16 yes 5/15 10 10Bulgaria 10.05.95 no 10 0/10 5Canada 08.12.12 yes 0/5/15 10 5/10Chile 30.12.03 no 5/15 15 5/15China 07.01.89 no 10 0/10 10Croatia 11.02.96 yes 5/10 0/10 10Cyprus Protocol - 09.11.12 no 0/5 0/5 5Czech Republic 13.06.12 no 5 0/5 10Denmark 31.12.02 yes 0/5/15 0/5 5Egypt 16.07.01 yes 12 12 12Estonia 09.12.94 no 5/15 0/10 10Ethiopia 14.02.18 yes 10 10 10Finland 11.03.10 no 0/5/15 5 5France 12.09.76 yes 5/15 0 0/10Georgia 31.08.06 no 10 8 8Germany 19.12.04 yes 5/15 0/5 5Greece 28.09.91 no 19 10 10

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80 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Double Taxation Agreement (DTA)Country Entry into force Property ClauseDividends in% (*) Interests in% Licenses in%Guernsey 01.10.14 no - - -Hungary 10.09.95 no 10 0/10 10Iceland Protocol - 08.12.12 yes 5/15 0/10 10India 26.10.89 yes 10 10 15Indonesia 25.08.93 yes 10/15 0/10 15Iran 01.12.06 no 7 10 10Ireland 22.12.95 yes 0/15 0/10 0/10Isle of Man 28.10.11 no - - -Israel 30.12.91 yes 5/15 5 5/10Italy 26.09.89 no 10 0/10 10Japan 23.12.82 yes 10 0/10 0/10Jersey 01.12.12 no - - -Jordan 22.04.99 no 10 10 10Kazakhstan 13.05.95 yes 10/15 0/10 10Korea 21.02.92 no 5/15 0/10 5Kuwait 25.04.00 no 0/5 0/5 15Kyrgyzstan 22.06.04 no 10 10 10Latvia 30.11.94 yes 5/15 0/10 10Lebanon 07.11.03 no 5 5 5Lithuania 19.07.94 yes 5/15 0/10 10Luxemburg Protocol - 11.12.12 yes 0/15 0/5 5Malaysia 05.12.78 no 0 0/15 0/15Malta 22.11.11 yes 0/10 0/10 0/5Mexico 06.09.02 no 5/15 5/15 10Moldova 27.10.95 no 5/15 10 10Mongolia 21.07.01 no 10 10 5Montenegro 17.06.98 no 5/15 10 10Morocco 23.08.96 no 7/15 10 10Netherlands 18.03.03 no 5/15 0/5 5New Zealand 16.08.06 yes 15 10 10Norway 29.01.13 yes 0/15 5 5Pakistan 24.11.75 no 15 0 15/20Philippines 07.04.97 yes 10/15 0/10 15Portugal 04.02.98 yes 10/15 0/10 10Qatar 28.12.09 no 5 5 5

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81Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Double Taxation Agreement (DTA) TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDCountry Entry into force Property ClauseDividends in% (*) Interests in% Licenses in%Romania 15.09.95 no 5/15 0/10 10Russia 22.02.93 yes 10 0/10 10Saudi Arabia 01.06.12 yes 5 0/5 10Serbia 17.06.98 yes 5/15 10 10Singapore 06.02.14 yes 0/5/10 0/5 2/5Slovakia 21.12.95 yes 0/5 5 5Slovenia 10.03.98 yes 5/15 0/10 10SOUTH AFRICA 05.12.95 no 5/15 0/10 10Spain 06.05.82 yes 5/15 0 0/10Sri Lanka 14.06.19 no 10 10 10Sweden 15.10.05 yes 5/15 0 5Switzerland Protocol - 17.10.11 no 0/15 0/5 0/5Syria 23.12.03 no 10 10 18Taiwan Act - 30.12.16 no 10 10 3/10Tajikistan 24.06.04 no 5/15 10 10Thailand 13.05.83 no 20 0/10 5/15Tunisia 15.11.93 no 5/15 12 12Turkey 01.04.97 no 10/15 0/10 10Ukraine 11.03.94 yes 5/15 0/10 10United Arab Emirates21.04.94 no 0/5 0/5 5United Kingdom 27.12.06 yes 0/10 0/5 5USA 23.07.96 yes 5/15 0 10Uzbekistan 29.04.95 no 5/15 10 10Vietnam 20.01.95 no 10/15 10 10/15Zimbabwe 28.11.94 no 10/15 10 10(*) Exemption from withholding tax pursuant to the directive on rulers and controlled companies (Parent-Subsidiary-Directive)(-) The agreements do not include agreements relating to dividends, interest and licenses.

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82 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Leasing possibilitiesInwestowanie wPolsce wroku 2022 LEASING LEASING POSSIBILITIESLeasing possibilities In their everyday work entrepreneurs deal with two kinds of leasing: operational and ﬁnancial. These two deﬁnitions also result from the tax regulations. Choosing the form exclusively depends on the deicsion of the taxpayer, predicated on the tax and legal environment he is operating in, and his business proﬁle.The Operational LeasingWith this form of the contract the subject of the underlying leasing is recognised as an asset of the lessor party (for instance, a leasing company). Thus, it is the leasing party who is obliged to take the depreciation and amortisation expenses. However, the agreed leasing installments constitute the tax deductible expenses on the side of the lessee; VAT and any initial charge are added to these instalments. The balance of the instalments set in the contract reduced by the due VAT has to correspond to at least the initial value of the underlying leased out tangible ﬁxed assets. Following the expiration of the lease, the lessee stays entitled to purchase the subject of the lease from the lessor as stipulated in the source contract.The Financial LeasingChoosing this kind of the lease contract the taxpayer has to know that the subject of the contract is to be recognised as the asset of the Leaseholder; thus, unlike the operational leasing, it is the leaseholder who is obliged to make the depreciation and amortisation expenses. Additionally, the lessee may only recognise the interest part of the leasing instalment as his tax deductible expenses. VAT shall be paid in full in advance together with the ﬁrst instalment, immediately after commissioning the subject of the contract. It is worth mentioning, that the lessee becomes the owner of the subject of the lease automatically after the last instalment has been duly paid.

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83Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Leasing possibilities TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDKey Differences The Operational Leasing The Financial LeasingDepreciation and amortisationDuty of the lessor. Duty of the lessee.TermLonger than 40% of the depreciation and amortisation time of the subject (real property - at least 10 years).Over 12 months.Tax deductible expensesThe lessee recognises the net instalments and the initial charge as the expenses.The lessee recognises the interest part of the leasing instalments and the depreciation and amortisation as expenses.VAT Added to the leasing instalments.Paid in advance together with the ﬁrst instalment.Redemption/repurchaseDepending on the depreciation and amortisation rate and the redemption term.After paying the last instalment the subject becomes the ownership of the lessee. The main advantages of ﬁnancing any asset purchase via leasing when compared to involvement of own equity or utilisation of bank loans: • its‘ relatively easy access in Poland and the fact that even start-up companies can draw on leasing ﬁnancing • leasing companies do not require any corporate history when talking to new clients which is not the case with banks which normally require a history of 2 years of existence of the applicant supported by two closed ﬁnancial accounting years • all incurred ﬁnancing costs are tax deductible whatever leasing option chosen. The majority of contracts concluded on the Polish market are the operational lease contracts; reasoned by the fact that in case of the ﬁnancial leasing VAT has to be paid in full in advance which is a drain on company‘s liquidity.Choosing the operational leasing is also recommended in case the planned term of exploitation of the leasing subject stays short-term orientated. In such a case the monthly lease installments will be very high reducing the taxable income and thus the tax base used for the monthly prepayments on corporate income tax to the Polish Inland Revenue Oce.

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84 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS Inwestowanie wPolsce wroku 2022THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMIN POLANDSOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTIONS Employer’s obligations concerning ZUS Polish employers have the obligation to incur the costs of social security insurance to the Social Insurance Institution and are payers of contributions to the Social Insurance Institution and the National Health Fund.The contributions for social insurance for employees and employers are calculated on the basis of the employee‘s gross income.The employer is responsible for withholding and remitting the full amount of social security contributions (employee’s share and employer’s share) to the relevant authorities. The rates of social security contributions are:Insurance Employer EmployeeRetirement Pension 9.76% 9.76%Disability 6.5% 1.5%Sickness Not applicable 2.45%Work AccidentBetween 0.65% and 3.33%Not applicableHealth Not applicable 9.00%Labour Fund (LF) 2.45% Not applicableFund of Guaranteed Employee Beneﬁts (FGEB)0.10% Not applicableThe contribution calculation basis for the retirement and social security insurance in 2022 cannot exceed 177,660.00 PLN.Social security in PolandThe social insurance system in Poland is universal and compulsory. Social insurance covers people who are, among others, employees, persons working on the basis of contracts of mandate or run a business activity.NOTE: • Social security in Poland covers the EU citizens on the same basis as Polish citizens. • From 2022 onwards, it is not possible to deduct the health insurance contribution from the tax return.

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85Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Pension insurance TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLAND PENSION INSURANCEPension insurance The retirement and social security insurance aims to provide: • payment of retirement beneﬁts for persons who have reached the retirement age (retirement pension), • payment of beneﬁts in the event of inability to work due to sickness (disability pension).The employer is the payer of due contributions to the Social Insurance Institution.Pension is granted to women who are at least 60, and men who are at least 65. There is no minimum insurance period required for granting the pension.Decisions about granting pensions are made by the Social Insurance Company‘s bodies which are of proper jurisdiction due to the place of living of the person who is applying for the beneﬁt. The proceedings for granting pensions start after submitting the application by an applicant.ACCOUNTING & TAX ADVISORY FOR YOU!If you have any questions regarding accounting, taxation, or other aspects of tax law in Poland, please contact our team ofadvisors.HR & PAYROLL ANNA URBAN-KICKAHead of HR & PayrollSenior ManagerDep.: Outsourcing HRTax Advisory OceLocation: Wroclaw

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86 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Disability insurance DISABILITY INSURANCEDisability insurance guarantees cash beneﬁts in the event of loss of the income resulting from the risk of disability (inability to work) or death of abreadwinner in afamily. In this case, those that have paid contributions to this insurance are granted disability pension for their incapacity to work, which is a substitute for remuneration or income.In the event of the death of the insured person, members of his/her family may also be granted a family pension.The disability insurance contribution equals 8% of the contribution assessment basis, where 6.5% comes from the employer‘s funds and 1.5% from the funds of the employee.Disability pension for incapacity for work Disability pension for incapacity for work can be granted to an insured person who fulﬁls all of the following conditions: • Is considered aperson who is partially or entirely unable to work, • Has proven contributory and non-contributory periods, • Inability to work started in the periods strictly set out in the Act.A person who is entirely unable to work is aperson who has lost the ability to perform any job. A person who is partially unable to work is aperson who to aconsiderable degree lost her ability to perform ajob which is consistent with the level of that person‘s qualiﬁcations. Inability to work and its level is assessed by aboard certiﬁed occupational medicine physician from the Social Insurance Company as the ﬁrst certifying instance. An applicant has the right to raise an appeal to the physician‘s opinion to the Social Insurance Company Medical Board - as the second certifying but also the ﬁnal appeal instance.Family pensionFamily pension is granted to entitled family members of the person who at the time of death: • Had a ﬁxed right to a pension, or fulﬁlled the conditions for obtaining it, • Had an established right to a bridging pension, • Had an established right to an inability to work pension, or fulﬁlled the conditions to receive it, • They were on pre-retirement allowance, • They were on pre-retirement beneﬁt, • They were receiving a teacher’s compensation payment.

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87Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Social security for industrial accidents and occupational diseases TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDSOCIAL SECURITY FOR INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASESSocial security for industrial accidents and occupational diseasesSecurity for industrial accidents and occupational diseases covers, inter alia, employees, persons who work on the basis of contracts of mandate, and persons carrying out business activity.Beneﬁts in respect of accidents at work and occupational diseases may be granted to the insured person. They are: • Sickness beneﬁt from accident insurance - for the insured person, whose inability to work arose as a result of an accident at work or occupational disease, • Rehabilitation beneﬁt - is paid after the sickness beneﬁt has ﬁnished, if the insured person is still unable to work, and further treatment or rehabilitation give them a chance to regain ability to work, • One-time compensation - for an insured person whose health was damaged permanently or for along period of time, or for the members of the family of adeceased insured person or aperson who collected disability pension, • Disability pension for an industrial accident or occupational disease - for an insured person who has become unable to work due to an industrial accident or an occupational disease, • Training allowance - is granted to a person with reference to whom retraining was stated as appropriate due to the inability to work in acurrent profession because of an industrial accident or occupational disease, • Family pension - for the family members of adeceased insured person or aperson entitled to disability pension for an industrial accident or occupational disease and allowance to family pension - for an orphan.The amount of the accident security premium varies from 0.67% to 3.33% of the basis of premium assessment. The accident security premium is entirely covered by the employer.

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88 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Social security for sickness and maternitySOCIAL SECURITY FOR SICKNESS AND MATERNITYSocial security for sickness and maternityPersons who are obligatorily insured for sickness and maternity are mainly employees. Persons covered by obligatory pension and disability pensions insurance, who, inter alia: work on the basis of an agency agreement or contract of mandate, carry out non-agricultural activity can also be insured, voluntarily, for sickness and maternity.The amount of the sickness contribution is 2.45% of the sum for the basis of contributions. The contribution is covered from the funds of the insured person.The following beneﬁts are paid under the existing insurance cover in case of sickness and maternity:Sickness beneﬁt Sickness beneﬁt / sick pay is granted to the insured person who became sick during the period of sickness insurance. The right to sickness beneﬁt falls due after the expiry of the so-called waiting period. A person who is obligatorily covered by sickness insurance is entitled to sickness beneﬁt after 30 days of continuous sickness insurance. A person who is covered by this insurance voluntarily, acquires the right to sickness beneﬁt after the period of 90 days of continuous sickness insurance.The sickness beneﬁt is granted to an insured person in the amount of 80% of the basis of the assessment, and for the period of hospitalization: in the amount of 80% of the beneﬁt basis.If the inability to work which was caused due to an accident on the way to or from work, at work, started during pregnancy or concerns tissue, cell or organ donors, then the sickness beneﬁt is paid in the amount of 100% of the basis of assessment.Rehabilitation beneﬁt The rehabilitation beneﬁt is granted to an insured person who is no longer eligible to receive the sickness beneﬁt, but is still unﬁt to work and a further rehabilitation or a treatment oers them achance to resume work again. This beneﬁt is granted for the time period necessary to enable the person concerned to regain the ability to work, but for no longer than a period of 12 months.

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89Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Social security for sickness and maternity TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDMaternity allowanceMaternity allowance is granted to an insured woman who at the time of sickness security or at the time of achild care leave: • gives birth to achild, • takes achild up to 7 years of age for upbringing, and in the case of a child with regard to whom there was a decision about an adjournment of compulsory education - up to 10 years of age, and who started legal proceedings for adoption in the Guardianship Court, • takes for upbringing, as surrogate parents, except for professional surrogate parents not related to the child, achild up to 7 years of age, and in the case of achild with regard to whom there was adecision about an adjournment of compulsory education - up to 10 years of age.Maternity allowance is paid during maternity leave - for 20 weeks in the case of the birth of one child. In the case of the birth of more than one child between 31-37 weeks. Parental leave is granted immediately after maternity leave.Maternity allowance for the period speciﬁed in the Labour Code provisions as a period of parental leave is granted for up to: • 32 weeks - in the case of the birth of one child and for the adoption for upbringing and to apply to the guardianship court for instituting proceedings for adoption or acceptance of upbringing as a foster family with the exception of a professional foster family of one child up to the age of seven, and in the case of a child towards whom it was decided to postpone the compulsory schooling up to the age of ten, • 34 weeks - in the case of the birth during one delivery of two or more children and in the case of a simultaneous adoption for upbringing of two or more children.The maternity allowance for the period corresponding to the period of parental leave can also be used by both parents at the same time, however, the total period of the leave enjoyed by both parents must not exceed 32 or 34 weeks.Attendance allowanceAttendance allowance is granted for the period of aspecial leave, when it is necessary to take care of ahealthy child who is under 8, asick child who is under 14 or any other sick member of the family.Attendance allowance is granted for not more than 60 days in acalendar year if aperson takes care of ahealthy child who is under 8 or asick child who is under 14. If aperson takes care of asick child who is over 14 or any other sick member of afamily, the allowance is granted for not more than 14 days. The allowance is paid in the amount of 80% of the basis of allowance assessment.

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90 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022Employee Capital Plans (PPK)EMPLOYEE CAPITAL PLANS (PPK)Employee Capital Plans (PPK)Employee Capital Plans (PPK) are a private system of long-term savings based on the co-operation between employees, employers and the state. PPK will apply to every person registered for mandatory pension insurance, i.e. all persons employed under employment contracts, civil law contributions, members of supervisory boards receiving remuneration - this also applies toforeigners.The Handling of the Employee Capital Plans Programme (PPK) Takes Place on the Following Basis:Age of the employee Rules for the Application of PPKUnder 18 years of age Are excluded18 to 55 years of age Mandatory participation in the program, stepping out from the program is allowed.55 to 70 years of age Can voluntarily join the programOver 70 years of age Are excludedThe funds collected in PPK’s account are private assets of the employee and are invested in securities (shares, bonds) of a deﬁned date by a ﬁnancial institution being subject to ﬁnancial supervision by the The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (PFSA) (Polish: Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego (KNF)).The contributions structure looks as follows: • Employee’s contribution: the obligatory contribution amounts to 2% of the gross salary, or 0.5% - 2% of the salary when the employee earns less than 120% of the minimum salary. Additionally, an employee may declare a voluntary contribution of up to 2% of his or her salary. • State subsidies: The Labour Fund ﬁnances a welcome payment of PLN250.00 and an annual subsidy of PLN 240.00. The welcome payment will be credited on the PPK participant’s account after 3 full months of participation in the PPK, if the payments have been made for those months. The annual allowance will be paid to the employee’s account no later than the 15th April of the following year. The condition for receiving the allowance is the amount of basic contributions calculated for a period of 6 months from the minimum wage. If the participant of the PPK receives a wage lower than 120% of the minimum wage the annual subsidy will be 25% of the indicated amount. • Employer’s contributions: the obligatory contribution amounts to 1.5% of the employee’s gross salary, while the additional voluntary contribution can be set up to 2.5%. The additional payment may vary from the employer depending on the length of the employment period (management contract), or on the basis of the salary regulations.

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91Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022Health insurance contribution from business activity TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDHEALTH INSURANCE CONTRIBUTION FROM BUSINESS ACTIVITYBusiness Activity In 2022, changes were brought into force involving a modiﬁcation of the method of calculating the health contribution from the salary and the non-deductibility of the health insurance contribution from the tax return.The amount of the contribution is dependent on the chosen form of taxation.For taxpayers: • with a ﬂat tax rate of 19%: » the contribution amounts to 4.9% of the tax base (income). » However, the contribution may not be lower than 9% of the lowest remuneration (PLN 270.00). • with the application of the tax scale: » 9% of the contribution base calculated on the income • with lump sum on the recorded income: » for income up to PLN 60,000.00: 9% of the amount of 60% of the average salary (PLN 335.94) » for income ranging between PLN 60,000.00 and PLN300,000.00: 9% of the amount of 100% of the average salary (PLN 559.89) » for income above PLN 300,000.00: 9% of the amount of 180% of the average salary salary (PLN 1,007.81)Board members Contribution of board members / appointed managers: 9% calculated on the income Shareholders of PartnershipsContribution of shareholders of partnerships: 9% of 100% of the average salary (559.89 PLN)

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92 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022getsix® PARTNERSgetsix® PARTNERSThe past years have shown how important it is to react quickly to economic, market and legal changes. We are here because we have established lasting and strong alliances with our partners and we support each other in building a stable business.getsix® partners would like to take this opportunity to thank all our customers for their conﬁdence and trust that allows us to provide you with our tailored business services.We believe that our employees represent not only the strength of our company, but also ensure that getsix® is a powerful and committed partner for our customers. It is important to us that we continuously deliver added value to our customers in this ever-changing business environment.Our mission is to provide a comprehensive range of best-in-class services in the areas of accounting, human resources & payroll, tax, legal and business consulting complemented by IT services & solutions and ISO 9001, ISO 14001 certiﬁcation. getsix® continues to build a reliable brand in Poland and abroad through maintenance and development of standardized processes. The “Invest in Poland 2022” brochure covers the most important tax and legal issues to those interested in starting a business in Poland. In our annual update, we select the most relevant changes that may aect your business in Poland and we provide them in an accessible and brief format.Our team of experts and specialists remains at your disposal and is committed to serve your business beyond your expectations.TAKE CARE OF YOUR CORE BUSINESS, getsix® WILL DO THEREST.

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93Item Code: E00006 (APR.22)Investing in Poland in 2022getsix® PARTNERS TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDThe status of all information complies with the eective date of the publication. No responsibility is taken for the published information. Editorial deadline: 30.04.2022Publication: 2022This publication was prepared by getsix® in co-operation with the TaxaGroup.All rights, including partial reprints, photo-mechanical reproduction, as well as the evaluation of databases or similar devices, reserved.The authors have prepared this publication at hand with the utmost care. Nevertheless small inaccuracies can never be avoided in such a comprehensive work. The editors-in-chief therefore do exclude all liability for any consequences, which might result from an application of this whole documentation in real life and practice. For binding information you are requested to take up direct contact with the editors-in-chief. Our MembershipsOur Partnerships Our CompetenciesOur Certiﬁcation

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94 TAXES, ACCOUNTING, HR AND PAYROLL IN POLANDItem Code: E00006 (APR.22) Investing in Poland in 2022getsix® PARTNERSItem Code: E0006 (APR.22) Certiﬁcationlinkedin.com/company/getsixfacebook.com/getsixtwitter.com/getsix_GroupDÜSSELDORFKATOWICEMemberships Partnerships CompetenciesWrocławul. Zwycięska 4553-033 WrocławTel.: +48 71 388 13 00Fax: +48 71 388 13 10Claus FrankMonika Martynkiewcz-FrankE-mail: wroclaw@getsix.plSzczecinul. Storrady Swietosławy 1a71-602 SzczecinTel.: +48 91 351 86 00Fax: +48 91 351 86 10Roy HeynleinE-mail: szczecin@getsix.plPoznańul. Wyspiańskiego 4360-751 PoznańTel.: +48 61 668 34 00 Fax: +48 61 668 34 10 Roy HeynleinE-mail: poznan@getsix.plBerlin - Representative OcePariser Platz 4aD-10117 BerlinDeutschlandTel.: +49 30 208 481 200 Fax: +49 30 208 481 210E-mail: berlin@getsix.deWarszawaSky Oce Centerul. Rzymowskiego 3102-697 WarszawaTel.: +48 22 336 77 00Fax: +48 22 336 77 10Ortwin-Uwe JentschE-mail: warszawa@getsix.plDüsseldorf - Representative OceFOMACON Business CenterMörsenbroicher Weg 191D-40470 DüsseldorfNiemcyTelefon: +49 211 972 670 00E-mail: duesseldorf@getsix.deISBN 978-83-947292-0-2 getsix.eu poland-accounting.eu hlb-poland.global